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Germanium-tin is an emerging optoelectronic material, but its device properties are not yet well understood. To evaluate the feasibility of GeSn-based p-n junction diodes for device and circuit applications, layers of doped GeSn with Sn contents up to 10 % were grown by the method of solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at substrate temperatures near 150 °C, on Ge substrates as shown in Fig....
Tetrasilane and digermane were used to grow epitaxial silicon germanium layers on silicon substrates in a commercial ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition tool. Films with concentrations up to 19% germanium were grown at temperatures from 400°C to 550°C. For all alloy compositions, the growth rates were much higher compared to using mono-silane and mono-germane. The quality of the material was...
Wind Turbine performance improvement measurements are challenging, especially when improvements affect air flow to the nacelle anemometer sensor which is often used to baseline performance. Uncertainty in this area can impede optimization of wind farms by making it difficult to 1) show the benefit of upgrades to individual turbines, 2) jointly optimize wind turbine performance in a farm, and 3) validate...
Model systems have had a profound influence on the development of ecological theory and general principles. Compared to alternatives, the most effective models share some combination of the following characteristics: simpler, smaller, faster, general, idiosyncratic or manipulable. We argue that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have unique combinations of these features that should be more widely...
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