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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious disease for which there is no effective vaccine. This review considers how adhesins, iron-acquisition factors, capsule and lipopolysaccharide, RTX cytotoxins and other potential future vaccine components contribute to colonisation, to avoidance of host clearance mechanisms and to damage of host tissues.
The virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium contains a gene, rlgA, that shows strong homology to several reported resolvase-like proteins. This gene maps 5 kb upstream of spv locus, the major virulence determinant on the plasmid. Regulation of rlgA was studied using a lacZ transcriptional reporter fusion. The rlgA gene was found to be repressed at the level of transcription by its own product...
The relationship between environment and mutation is complex [1]. Claims of Lamarkian mutation [2] have proved unfounded [3–5]; it is apparent, however, that the external environment can influence the generation of heritable variation, through either direct effects on DNA sequence [6] or DNA maintenance and copying mechanisms [7–10], or as a consequence of evolutionary processes [11–16]. The spectrum...
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