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We present results from 27 impact experiments using porous (porosity ranging from 0.39 to 0.54) ice targets and solid ice projectiles at impact speeds ranging from 90 to 155 m/s. These targets were designed to simulate Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) in structure. We measured a specific energy for shattering, QS*, of 2.1×105 erg/g for those snowball targets hit by intact ice projectiles; this is of the...
This paper reports on a series of laboratory impact experiments designed to provide basic data on how simulated Edgeworth-Kuiper belt objects (EKOs) fragment in an impact event. In September-October 1997 we carried out 20 low-velocity airgun shots at the Ames Vertical Gun Range into porous and homogeneous ice spheres using aluminum, fractured ice, and solid ice projectiles. We found that the porous...
The relationship between fragment velocity and mass following a disruptive impact is of great importance when modelling populations of small bodies such as the asteroid main belt or the more recently observed Edgeworth-Kuiper belt where mutual collisions play an important role in their dynamic evolution. The velocity-mass relation following these mutual collisions strongly affects not only the collisional...
The existence of Dactyl, the small satellite of asteroid 243 Ida, presents an intriguing paradox: if exposed to the same projectile bombardment as Ida, it should have been disrupted long ago. To solve this paradox, it has been proposed that either Ida (and the entire Koronis family) is relatively young (≈ 100 Myr) or Dactyl has reaccreted many times from its own debris after having been disrupted...
Recent analyses of radar and photometric observations of several asteroids including 4179 Toutatis (discussed in A. W. Harris, 1994,Icarus107,209–211), and 253 Mathilde (S. Mottolaet al.,1995,Planet. Space Sci.43,1609–1613) have highlighted the fact that non-principal-axis rotation (sometimes just called “tumbling”) is detectable and possibly even commonplace for small slowly rotating asteroids. We...
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