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INTRODUCTION: Social support during exposure-based psychotherapy has been suggested to have an important influence on the course of exposure treatment, however some clinical trials show that individual therapy may be more effective than group therapy. The mechanisms of social influence on fear extinction remain unknown. METHOD(S): To study neuronal correlates of social buffering in fear extinction,...
INTRODUCTION: Social complex behavior, like empathy, emerge over phylogeny from various precursors. One of the simplest is emotional contagion, i.e. sharing emotional states between individuals. Receiving signals of a potential danger may increase chances of survival, thus emotional contagion plays an important role in learning about external environment. The phenomenon is well described at the behavioral...
INTRODUCTION: The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has primarily been studied as a structure involved in processing of aversive behaviors, whereas its role in appetitively-motivated learning is less understood. The published data show involvement of the basolateral amygdala (BL), which sends projections to the CeA, in encoding sensory‑specific features during appetitive learning. In contrast,...
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops following exposure to a traumatic event, afflicting 7–12% of the population. Women are shown to be twice as likely as men to develop PTSD. Moreover, their susceptibility to PTSD following a trauma depending on the phase of menstrual cycle. Clarification of the biological mechanism underlying sex differences in the susceptibility to PTSD is necessary to...