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Silicon nanoflake powder (Si LeafPowder®, Si-LP) used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries has demonstrated superior cycle performance at 30°C in an ethylene-carbonate-based electrolyte solution because its characteristic thin-film-based structure resists pulverization. However, capacity fading was accelerated at 60°C owing to enhanced decomposition of the electrolyte solution and growth...
Transformation of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) in low rank coals during gasification was examined by combining computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Two sub-bituminous coals were pyrolyzed at 1500°C using a drop tube furnace, and the resultant chars were then gasified in CO 2 atmosphere at...
Ash particles in gasified lignite chars were analyzed by a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM). The reactions between mineral particles and the fate of dispersed inorganic species which are contained in the Beulah-Zap lignite are deduced on the basis of the CCSEM method. Interaction among discrete mineral particles was not significant during gasification below 800°C. On the other...
Rapid pyrolysis was conducted in a drop tube reactor using seven coals under various operating conditions. In addition to dense char, porous chars (network char and cenospheric char) were formed by the rapid pyrolysis under certain conditions. Porous char was mainly composed of film-like carbon and skeleton carbon. The pyrolyzed coal char particles were characterized in detail. Morphology and bulk...
One sub-bituminous coal and two bituminous coals were subjected to the combustion and pyrolysis by slow heating to a temperature ranging 550-1150 o C. Leaching of raw coals, ashes and chars with dilute HCl and HNO 3 was carried out, and leachate concentrations of major and trace elements were determined. Such a comparative leaching method was validated for characterizing the modes...
Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) method to evaluate the structure of carbonaceous materials was proposed in the previous paper, and this method was applied to analyze two sets of carbons derived from PVC and PFA in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C. Amounts of H 2 O, CO and CO 2 evolved during oxidation were accurately determined, and they were used to estimate an average...
The mixture of coal and lime was ultrasonically hydrated to impregnate calcium onto coal. The calcium-loaded coal was combusted in a fixed bed reactor to examine the desulfurization effectiveness of calcium. The results showed that compared to the mechanical stirring, the ultrasonic treatment significantly improved the SO 2 removal, particularly at the Ca/S atomic ratios below 1.5. This is...
As previously reported, high surface area microporous carbons with long-range order can be synthesized by using zeolite Y as a template. In this work, an attempt is made to synthesize porous carbon using several other types of zeolites (zeolite β, ZSM-5, mordenite and zeolite L). Special attention is paid to whether the structural regularity of each zeolite can be transferred to the carbon structure...
Calcium in coal can be classified into two parts: mineral matter and cationic metals associated with organic matrix. Chemical leaching with aqueous ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAc) solution has been widely used for the purpose of removing only ion-exchanged metals. However, it still remains uncertain whether the leaching can remove only these metals, because the leaching experiments have been mainly...
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