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Dysregulation of the host immune responses induced by host hepatitis B virus (HBV) interactions has been observed in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), well known for their immunomodulatory properties, can suppress T‐cell function by regulating the expression of CD3 ζ chain in cancer and autoimmune/infectious diseases while rarely have been studied in...
Currently, hepatitis C antiviral therapy is entering a new era with the use of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) agents. However, the precise immunological influences of DAA therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DAA therapy on the frequency of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T lymphocytes, and natural...
Chattering is a fundamental phenomenon that is unique to hybrid systems, due to the complex interaction between discrete dynamics (in the form of discrete transitions) and continuous dynamics (in the form of time). In practice, simulating chattering hybrid systems is challenging in that simulation eectively halts near the chattering time point, as an innite number of discrete transitions would need...
Rigorous simulation is a new technology that can play a key role in managing uncertainty in the design of safety-critical cyber-physical systems. One of its important applications is the analysis and evaluation of functional safety for road vehicles according to international standards such as ISO 26262. Previous work presented preliminary evidence to support the feasibility of using rigorous simulation...
We continue to consider the question of what language features are needed to effectively model cyber-physical systems (CPS). In previous work, we proposed using a core language as a way to study this question, and showed how several basic aspects of CPS can be modeled clearly in a language with a small set of constructs. This paper reports on the result of our analysis of two, more complex, case studies...
Recently we showed that an expressive class of mathematical equations can be automatically translated into simulation codes. By focusing on the expressivity of equations formed from continuous functions, this work did not accommodate a wide range of discrete behaviors or a dynamic collection of components. However, the interaction between continuous and hybrid components in many cyber-physical domains...
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