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AfriSAR is an ESA-funded airborne P- and L-band SAR campaign over the African tropical forests of Gabon carried out by ONERA (July 2015) and DLR (February 2016). The different acquisitions were designed in order to collect multibaseline fully polarimetric data allowing the inversion of key forest vertical structure-based parameters, like e.g. forest height and high resolution reflectivity profiles...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how SAR Tomography (TomoSAR) can be used to estimate ground polarimetric covariances in forest scenarios in order to increase the amount of information that can be extracted from SAR data stacks is beyond the vertical reflectivity profiles. Under the hypothesis of a two-layer model composed by ground and volume contributions, an algorithm is proposed that...
The F-SAR instrument represents DLR's advanced airborne SAR testbed for technology and remote sensing applications. The development of the instrument was triggered by a strong demand for data being simultaneously acquired at different wavelengths and polarizations as well as by the demand for very high range resolution. F-SAR is a modular development utilizing modern hardware and commercial of the...
Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) is a SAR remote sensing discipline with unique and powerful applications related to the vertical structure of natural and man-made volume scatterers. The coherent combination of single- or multi-baseline interferograms acquired at different polarisations provides sensitivity to the vertical distribution of scattering processes and allows their characterisation...
Systems based on Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography at low frequencies offer 3D imaging capabilities, appropriate for forest monitoring. However the extraction of an ecologically meaningful measure of forest structure from the 3D reflectivity is not straightforward and several considerations need to be carefully taken into account, in order to avoid misinterpretations of the nature of the information...
The NASA/JPL UAVSAR system was deployed to Europe in the May-June 2015 to collect data in support of experiments in Iceland, Norway and Germany. The deployment in Germany was focused on PolInSAR and tomographic data collections at the Traunstein Forest and in the Munich urban area. In addition data were collected at Kaufbeuren, the DLR calibration site, where several surveyed corner reflectors were...
This paper provides an overview of the future development of spaceborne SAR systems with multi-baseline imaging capability like polarimetric SAR interferometry (PolInSAR), tomography (TomoSAR) and holography (HoloSAR). The goal is to fill the multi-dimensional data space with additional information from acquisitions having different spatial or temporal baselines. Multi-baseline imaging opens the door...
In this study application results are presented derived from multi-parametric SAR observations covering five different thematic domains: forest, agriculture, ocean, urban and cryosphere. In total 21 application products have been selected and described. Their application on different data sets, space- and airborne sensors, was demonstrated and can independently be reproduced by any scientist. The...
In this paper, agricultural crop volumes are analysed using (polarimetric) tomographic SAR methodologies. A procedure for the separation of the ground and volume multibaseline coherences is proposed. This separation is used in particular to investigate the polarization dependency of the vegetation vertical structure in order to get first insights about orientation effects. This analysis has been carried...
Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography provides the 3D reflectivity of the observed scene. Hence, in a forest scenario, it reflects information relevant to forest structure. However, how and to which extent this information is reflected and which are possible ways to quantify it are still open questions. This paper explores the link between ecological measures of forest structure and the 3D spatial distribution...
This paper provides a vision for the future development of spaceborne SAR systems with multi-baseline imaging capability like polarimetric SAR interferometry (PolinSAR), tomography (TomoSAR) and holography (HoloSAR). The goal is to fill the multi-dimensional data space with additional information from acquisitions having different spatial or temporal baselines. Multi-baseline imaging opens the door...
One common method to estimate biomass is measuring forest height and applying allometric equations to get forest biomass. However, changing forest density or forest structure bias the known allometric relations. Remote sensing systems like SAR or LIDAR allow to measure vertical forest structure. In this paper the value of vertical forest structure information for biomass inversion is investigated...
SAR Tomography (Tomo-SAR) is an experimental advanced coherent data combination mode allowing full 3-D imaging of volumetric and layover scatterers from a multibaseline (MB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data stack. However, the linear Fourier-based Tomo-SAR is generally affected by unsatisfactory imaging quality due to a typically low number of baselines with irregular spatial distribution. Recently,...
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