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Courtship displays are typically comprised of the same behavioral pattern, or patterns, repeated several times by males. Both the quantity and quality of the displays produced by a given male bird are not, however, constant. The number and/or quality of displays can decrease over time, indicating fatigue, or males can increase the number and/or quality as they display more, indicating a warm‐up period...
A male Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) turns his head towards the sound of the drumming display of another male.Photograph reproduced with the permission of AN Iwaniuk, based on Research Paper, Courtship display speed varies daily and with body size in the Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) by EC Déaux et al.,https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13004
Birds use a variety of sounds in their courtship displays, but the majority of behavioural studies have focused on vocalizations. In contrast, little is known about how non‐vocal sounds, or sonations, are used, even though many avian species produce them. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is a useful species to examine non‐vocal sounds because they lack vocal components in their courtship and rely...
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