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Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that produce energy and molecular precursors that are essential for myelin synthesis. Unlike in neurons, mitochondria in oligodendrocytes increase intracellular movement in response to glutamatergic activation and are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in astrocytes or microglia. The signaling pathways that regulate these cell type‐specific mitochondrial...
Objective
Degeneration of oligodendroglial distal processes has been identified as an early event in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion development. Our objective was to further define the development of the “dying‐back” oligodendrocyte lesion in situ and to model the development and potential reversibility of such responses using dissociated cultures of adult human brain‐derived oligodendrocytes.
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In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis correlates with severe impairment in declarative learning and memory. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and their receptors have key roles in generating and perpetuating seizures. This study aimed to assess their potential role in inhibiting neurogenesis in patients with mesial temporal...
Neurogenesis, the production of new neurons from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), occurs throughout adulthood in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where it supports learning and memory. The innate and adaptive immune systems are increasingly recognized as important modulators of hippocampal neurogenesis under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms by which...
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