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The effect of recreational SCUBA diving on coral reefs is likely secondary to many of the commonly cited stressors that threaten the long-term survival of coral reefs, such as rising temperatures. However, recreational SCUBA diving has had documented effects on various benthic organisms. Most research on the effect of SCUBA divers has focused on broken and abraded benthic organisms or the rate at...
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can deliver nicotine and mitigate tobacco withdrawal and are used by many smokers to assist quit attempts. We investigated whether e-cigarettes are more effective than nicotine patches at helping smokers to quit. We did this pragmatic randomised-controlled superiority trial in Auckland, New Zealand, between Sept 6, 2011, and July 5, 2013. Adult (≥18 years) smokers...
Aim To determine the combined effect of very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes and usual Quitline care [nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and behavioural support] on smoking abstinence, in smokers motivated to quit.
Design Single‐blind, parallel randomized trial.
Setting New Zealand.
Participants Smokers who called the Quitline for quitting support were randomized to either VLNC cigarettes...
Aims To determine the effect of offering smokers who want to quit easy access to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), a period of familiarization and choice of product on smoking abstinence at 6 months.
Design Single‐blind, randomized controlled trial.
Setting New Zealand.
Participants A total of 1410 adult smokers who called the national Quitline for quitting support were randomized to usual Quitline...
Aims To determine the effectiveness of 2 weeks' pre‐cessation nicotine patches and/or gum on smoking abstinence at 6 months.
Design Pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
Setting New Zealand.
Participants Eleven hundred adult, dependent smokers who called the New Zealand Quitline between March 2006 and May 2007 for support to stop smoking were randomized to 2 weeks of nicotine patches and/or gum...
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