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An ultrasonic technique based on attenuation measurements is used to characterize suspensions of solid or liquid spherical objects in a fluid. The theory of the propagation of sound in such systems provides an expression of the attenuation that depends strongly on the particle radius. An oil-in-water emulsion and some polystyrene latexes swollen by styrene were studied. For each system, the fit of...
We investigated, using small-angle neutron scattering, the effect of the charge density on the polymer chains of polyacrylic acid gels. The structure factor was found to have a peak at a finite wavevector q*. The position and the amplitude of this peak depend on the polymer concentration, the charge density on the chains and the ionic content of the solvent. The results obtained are fairly well understood...
Aqueous solutions of Triton X-100 have been investigated by means of elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering, viscosity, and electric birefringence in the temperature range between room temperature and critical temperature Tc. The intensity of scattered light and the correlation length ξ have been found to follow power laws of (Tc−T)/Tc with exponents equal to...
The static and dynamic properties of the L3 are measured (viscosity, light scattering, electric birefringence) and their evolution with dilution is discussed in terms of scaling laws derived from the free energy expression.
Poly(acrylic acid) networks swollen with water and having different ionization degrees were investigated using quasi-elastic light scattering. The polymer concentration was 10−1 g · cm−3 and the ionization was varied between 0 and 0.8. Three different ionization regimes can be detected from the variation of the cooperative diffusion constant with the ionization degree.
Micellar solutions of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions in M2O-0.1M KBr have been investigated by quasielastic light scattering and viscosity. In order to measure the zero shear viscosity and the longest relaxation time was used a magnetorheometer. The measurements were performed as a function of temperature (30° to 60°C) and surfactant concentration (10−3M to 0.84M). The results...
We studied the elastic modulus of poly(acrylic acid) gels having the same initial polymer concentration and various ionization degrees by uniaxial compression. The measurements were either performed in a salt-free solvent as a function of the swelling ratio and for various cross-link densities, or at swelling equilibrium in brines at different concentrations, with the cross-link density being constant...
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