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The nonlinear index of refraction is responsible for self-action effects in optical beam propagation, including self-focusing. We review self-focusing and related phenomena and discuss physical mechanisms that give rise to the refractive index nonlinearity.
An overview will be presented covering early initial observations and interpretation of self-phase modulation in self-trapped filaments of light and mode-locked laser pulses, the subsequent evolution of the basic concepts, and various applications.
In the past, metal-barrier-metal (MBM) point-contact diodes have been used at room temperature as coherent detectors from microwave to optical frequencies. For the first time, the millimeter-wave mixing and detection characteristics of stable thin-film Ni-NiO-Ni junctions fabricated by photolithographic means will be reported.
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