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We present an experimental study of the nonlinearity of modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) photodiodes at cryogenic temperatures. At 120 K, the amplitude-to-phase (AM-to-PM) conversion nonlinearity is reduced by up to 10 dB, resulting in nearly 40 dB AM-to-PM rejection over a broad photocurrent range.
The lowest measured phase noise floors of photonically generated microwave signals are orders-of-magnitude above the quantum limit. We show this discrepancy is likely due to photocarrier scattering in high speed, high linearity photodetectors.
We demonstrate photonic generation of pulsed 1 GHz and 10 GHz microwave signals with peak power levels as high as 41.5 dBm (14.2 W) and 40 dBm (10 W), respectively, using a modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) photodiode.
Using carefully constructed pulse interleavers, we demonstrate ∼10 dB reduction in the quantum noise from optical amplification for short pulse detection, resulting in a phase noise floor on a 10 GHz microwave of −175 dBc/Hz.
Using modified uni-travelling carrier photodiodes that exhibit high linearity at high photocurrent we have generated a 10 GHz microwave carrier via optical frequency division with sub 500 attosecond absolute timing jitter (1Hz – 10 MHz).
We describe noise limitations associated with Er:fiber-based optical frequency dividers. A low-noise Er:fiber laser combined with optimized photodetection results in 5 GHz signals having phase noise floors of −176 dBc/Hz.
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