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The role of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the defense response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia) was studied. Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, and oxygen radicals that are formed as a by-product at both of these oxidation steps may participate in plant defense reactions. A resistant wheat cultivar (Tugela DN...