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Tracheocutaneous fistula and tracheostomy scar are complications associated with the prolonged use of tracheostomy tubes. They have functional and cosmetic problems owing to tracheal tugging during swallowing and easily visible scars. Although many procedures exist to correct this issue, there is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique. Therefore, an ideal surgical procedure was devised. The...
Background The periareolar incision is the preferred method for mammaplasty because of the minimal scarring, and suturing of the superficial fascial system (SFS) is useful for avoiding hypertrophic scarring. In this report, we describe the anatomical location of the SFS around the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) and its histological structure. Methods To define the location of the SFS, 20...
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