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This paper elaborates upon an idea and a development introduced and presented by Bersini in [1]. Roughly, by observing the search space of a combinatorial problem in a “clever” way, it can be drastically reduced. In order to discover this “clever way”, a second search process has to be engaged in the space of the observables. So two Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are intertwined to solve the whole problem:...
This rather philosophical paper discusses the necessary three ingredients which together allow a collective phenomenon to be described as “emergent”. First the phenomenon, as usual, requires a group of agents entering in a non-linear relationship and entailing the existence of two semantic descriptions depending on the scale of observation. Second this phenomenon has to be observed by a mechanical...
Nowadays, many engineering applications require the minimization of a cost function such as decreasing the delivery time or the used space, reducing the development effort, and so on. Not surprisingly, research in optimization is one of the most active fields of computer science. Metaheuristics are part of the state-of-the-art techniques for combinatorial optimization. But their success comes at the...
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