Search results for: Roman P. Lanno

Items from 1 to 16 out of 16 results

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Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for North America

Anne Fairbrother, Derek Muir, Keith R. Solomon, Gerald T. Ankley, more

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry > 38 > 8 > 1606 - 1624

Anticipating, identifying, and prioritizing strategic needs represent essential activities by research organizations. Decided benefits emerge when these pursuits engage globally important environment and health goals, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, horizon scanning efforts can facilitate identification of specific research needs to address grand challenges...

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Effects of Soil Properties on the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Lead in Soil Invertebrates

Roman P. Lanno, Koen Oorts, Erik Smolders, Katie Albanese, more

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry > 38 > 7 > 1486 - 1494

The present study examined the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the toxicity of lead (Pb) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and collembolans (Folsomia candida), and on bioaccumulation of Pb by earthworms, in soils amended with Pb salts. Toxicity tests were conducted in 7 soils varying in soil properties (pH 4.7–7.4, effective cation exchange capacity [eCEC] 4–42 cmol_c/kg, organic carbon...

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Ecological impacts of fluridone and copper sulphate in catfish aquaculture ponds

Annie P. Jacob, David A. Culver, Roman P. Lanno, Astrid Voigt

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry > 35 > 5 > 1183 - 1194

Fluridone and copper sulphate are often used for controlling macrophytes and algae in aquaculture ponds. The present study examined the ecological effects of these chemicals on macrophyte, phytoplankton, and zooplankton biomass; plankton community structure; water quality parameters; and fish survival and yield in catfish culture ponds using a randomized complete block design. The estimated half‐life...

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Differential Acute Toxicity of Tetrachlorobenzene Isomers to Oligochaetes in Soil and Water: Application of the Critical Body Residue Concept

Christopher M. Hurdzan, Roman P. Lanno, David M. Sovic

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology > 2011 > 87 > 3 > 209-214

The acute, lethal potency of the 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5- and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers was compared in the terrestrial and aquatic oligochaetes Eisenia andrei and Tubifex tubifex. 1,2,4,5-TeCB was neither lethal, nor produced any perceptible adverse effects, at lipid normalized concentrations predicted to be lethal according to the well-established critical body residue concept. If a narcotic...

article

Application of the tissue residue approach in ecological risk assessment

Keith G Sappington, Todd S Bridges, Steven P Bradbury, Russell J Erickson, more

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management > 7 > 1 > 116 - 140

The objective of this work is to present a critical review of the application of the tissue residue approach (TRA) in ecological risk and/or impact assessment (ERA) of chemical stressors and environmental criteria development. A secondary goal is to develop a framework for integrating the TRA into ecological assessments along with traditional, exposure concentration‐based assessment approaches. Although...

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Uptake kinetics and subcellular compartmentalization of cadmium in acclimated and unacclimated earthworms (Eisenia andrei)

Shuo Yu, Roman P. Lanno

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry > 29 > 7 > 1568 - 1574

Acclimation to cadmium (Cd) levels exceeding background concentrations may influence the ability of earthworms to accumulate Cd with minimum adverse effects. In the present study, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were acclimated by exposure to 20 mg/kg Cd (dry wt) in Webster soil for 28 d. A 224‐d bioaccumulation test was subsequently conducted with both acclimated and unacclimated worms exposed in Webster...

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Determining exposure dose in soil: The effect of modifying factors on chlorinated benzene toxicity to earthworms

Christopher M. Hurdzan, Roman P. Lanno

Chemosphere > 2009 > 76 > 7 > 946-951

This study describes the comparison of multiple approaches for estimating the median lethal concentration of selected chlorinated benzenes (CBs) from an homologous series yielding acute toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia andrei in Webster soil. The coefficients of variation were significantly lower for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), tissue residue, and hexane-extractable based CB exposure estimates...

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Internal Metal Sequestration and Its Ecotoxicological Relevance: A Review

Martina G. Vijver, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, Roman P. Lanno, Nico M. van Straalen, more

Environmental Science & Technology > 2004 > 38 > 18 > 4705 - 4712

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Development of a terrestrial vertebrate model for assessing bioavailability of cadmium in the fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) and in ovo effects on hatchling size and thyroid function

Sandra M. Brasfield, Karen Bradham, Jason B. Wells, Larry G. Talent, more

Chemosphere > 2004 > 54 > 11 > 1643-1651

In the terrestrial environment, standardized protocols are available for measuring the exposure and effects of contaminants to invertebrates, but none currently exist for vertebrates. In an effort to address this, we proposed that developing lizard embryos may be used as a terrestrial vertebrate model. Lizard eggs may be particularly susceptible to soil contamination and in ovo exposure may affect...

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Lethal critical body residues as measures of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability and toxicity in the earthwormEisenia fetida

Jason M. Conder, Roman P. Lanno

Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung > 2003 > 15 > 3 > 151-151

Background Earthworm heavy metal concentrations (critical body residues, CBRs) may be the most relevant measures of heavy metal bioavailability in soils and may be linkable to toxic effects in order to better assess soil ecotoxicity. However, as earthworms possess physiological mechanisms to secrete and/or sequester absorbed metals as toxicologically inactive forms, total earthworm metal concentrations...

article

Lethal critical body residues as measures of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability and toxicity in the earthwormEisenia fetida

Jason M. Conder, Roman P. Lanno

Journal of Soils and Sediments > 2003 > 3 > 1 > 13-20

Background. Earthworm heavy metal concentrations (critical body residues, CBRs) may be the most relevant measures of heavy metal bioavailability in soils and may be linkable to toxic effects in order to better assess soil ecotoxicity. However, as earthworms possess physiological mechanisms to secrete and/or sequester absorbed metals as toxicologically inactive forms, total earthworm metal concentrations...

article

Method for determining toxicologically relevant cadmium residues in the earthworm Eisenia fetida

Jason M. Conder, Lisa D. Seals, Roman P. Lanno

Chemosphere > 2002 > 49 > 1 > 1-7

We investigated a method to isolate toxicologically relevant Cd in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed in a 14-d Cd bioaccumulation study. A procedure involving acid insoluble ash (AIA) content was combined with homogenization and centrifugation techniques to divide total earthworm Cd burdens into supernatant (metallothionein-bound), pellet (toxicologically active), and soil-associated Cd fractions...

article

Evaluation of surrogate measures of cadmium, lead, and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida

Jason M Conder, Roman P Lanno

Chemosphere > 2000 > 41 > 10 > 1659-1668

We evaluated weak-electrolyte (0.1 M Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ ) soil extractions and ion-exchange membranes coated with a metal chelator as measures of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability in spiked artificial soil by comparing their metal availability estimates to acute lethal toxicity in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ extractions were precisely related to toxicity in all...

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A Comparison of a Sentinel Species Evaluation Using Creek Chub (Semotilus Atromaculatus Mitchill) to a Fish Community Evaluation for the Initial Identification of Environmental Stressors in Small Streams

Dean G. Fitzgerald, Roman P. Lanno, D. George Dixon

Ecotoxicology > 1999 > 8 > 1 > 33-48

Application of a sentinel species-based population evaluation using creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), a common minnow in eastern North America, could provide a framework for environmental assessments and focus future research in small streams. Analysis of creek chub endpoints (growth, condition, fecundity) was based on an assessment framework for white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) populations...

article

A quarter century of change in the fish communities of three small streams modified by anthropogenic activities

Dean G. Fitzgerald, Ed Kott, Roman P. Lanno, D. George Dixon

Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery > 1997 > 6 > 2 > 111-127

Anthropogenic modification of small stream habitats insouthern Ontario has occurred with little concern forindigenous, non-game fish communities. The combinedeffects of urbanization, impoundment, and agricultureon the fish communities of three small streams, fromheadwaters to near-confluence locations, wereevaluated by comparing current fish communitystructure to historical records (species lists)collected...

article

The comparative chronic toxicity of thiocyanate and cyanide to rainbow trout

Roman P. Lanno, D.G. Dixon

Aquatic Toxicology > 1996 > 36 > 3-4 > 177-187

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to thiocyanate (SCN ^- , as KSCN (SD, n)) concentrations of 720 (98, 12) or 89 (12, 12) μmol l ^- ¹ or cyanide concentrations of (CN ^- , as KCN) 0.98 (0.38, 14) or 0.32 (0.10, 14) μmol 1 ^- ¹ for 16 weeks in a flow-through system. No mortality was evident, but significant bioconcentration of SCN ^- ...

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