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Diffuse neuromodulatory systems such as norepinephrine (NE) control brain-wide states such as arousal, but whether they control complex social behaviors more specifically is not clear. Octopamine (OA), the insect homolog of NE, is known to promote both arousal and aggression. We have performed a systematic, unbiased screen to identify OA receptor-expressing neurons (OARNs) that control aggression...
The homeobox-complex (HOX-C) programs much of the basic body plan and forms, in most metazoans, one continuous cluster with the order of genes paralleling their order of expression along the body axis [1–5]. Here we compare the HOX-C organization of several Drosophila species and of Anopheles gambiae, a representative of lower Dipterans. We develop a model to account for the evolution of the HOX-C...
We established a collection of 7,000 transgenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Expression of GAL4 in each line is controlled by a different, defined fragment of genomic DNA that serves as a transcriptional enhancer. We used confocal microscopy of dissected nervous systems to determine the expression patterns driven by each fragment in the adult brain and ventral nerve cord. We present image data...
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