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Ceruloplasmin functions as a ferroxidase in iron metabolism. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by an increase in brain iron. We postulated that lower circulating ceruloplasmin levels in PD would result in rapid brain iron accumulation and an earlier age of onset. Consecutive PD patients were separated into subgroups with younger (≤ 60 years, n = 62) and older ages of onset (> 60, n = 29),...