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Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that degrades and recycles intracellular components inside lysosomes to maintain cell homeostasis. This pathway is essential to keep postmitic cells such are neurons free of garbaje and damaged cell components. There are several types of autophagy. During macroautophagy, simply called autophagy, parts of the cytosol and even entire organelles are engulfed in an autophagosome...
Molecular markers enabling the prediction of sensitivity/resistance to rapamycin may facilitate further clinical development of rapamycin and its derivatives as anticancer agents. In this study, several human ovarian cancer cell lines (IGROV1, OVCAR-3, A2780, SK-OV-3) were evaluated for susceptibility to rapamycin-mediated growth inhibition. The differential expression profiles of genes coding for...
The third reading frame of the envelope gene from HIV-1 codes for a protein homologous to the human selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Cells stably or transiently transfected with a HIV-1 GPX construct are protected against the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and subsequent cell death induced by exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as mitochondrion-generated ROS...
The mitochondrial matrix can be specifically labeled by loading cells with calcein and simultaneous quenching of the non-mitochondrial calcein fluorescence with cobalt (Co2+). Positive staining of mitochondria thus requires that the inner mitochondrial membrane functions as a barrier separating calcein (within the matrix) from Co2+ (outside of the matrix). Upon induction of apoptosis, such calcein/Co...
Atractyloside (Atr) binds to the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and inhibits ANT-mediated ATP/ADP exchange on the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, Atr can trigger opening of a non-specific ion channel, within the ANT-containing permeability transition pore complex (PTPC), which is subject to redox regulation and inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA). Here we show that the cytotoxic effects...
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