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In order to further understand the initiating mechanism of positive cloud-to-ground (PCG) flashes, the nature and temporal characteristics of the positive breakdown pulse trains are investigated by electric field data in Conghua of Guangdong province. Considering the difference between the initial polarity of initial breakdown pulses and the first return stoke (RS), three types of bipolar pulse trains,...
The dynamic range of VHF interferometer for cloud flashes is expanded by utilizing the digital control attenuator controlled by automatic gain control(AGC) and increasing the number of bits of ADC. The optimization of radio frequency analog front-end (RFAF) gain is described, and the design of iterative AGC is presented. The simulation results show that 110 dB dynamic range can be achieved.
The temporal and spatial characteristics of lightning activities across Hong Kong, a mountainous metropolis surrounded by sea, has been studied. Over 0.32 million of cloud-to- ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) flashes reported by Hong Kong Lightning Location Network during 2005 to 2008 were analyzed. Seasonal variations show that although the lightning activity in summer is the strongest, the ratio...
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