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This paper provides a detailed derivation of the complete solution to an electromagnetic wave propagating along a thin wire parallel to the interface between two homogeneous half-spaces, and by extension for multiple parallel wires. The final solution presented in this paper extends the existing theory to include the effects of half-spaces with different magnetic permeabilities, the effects of wire/s...
Grounding systems are critical plant for the correct operation of major power installations, particularly major substations. As the average age of major substations in a utility's franchise increases, the likelihood that an assessment of the condition of a grounding system will be initiated. Whether or not the grounding system needs to be assessed in line with the substations age is often debated...
While continuity based testing is a relatively well accepted method for assessing the integrity of a grounding grid, no specific continuity based test has distinguished itself with practitioners at large. Why this continues to be the case is not completely understood but it is likely a combination of ignorance of more effective procedures and the availability of better instrumentation. This paper...
Safety criteria for earthing related hazards have historically been derived using deterministic processes. To quantify the risk associated with these hazards the current trend is to base safety criteria on probabilistic processes. This paper examines how the selection of probability distribution functions used to derive the criteria can impact the outcome, particularly as these events are low probability...
In 1926 Carson produced his paper on ground return effects for overhead wires. It is surmised that the intended application of this work was telegraph circuits. The equations, however, have since been applied to transmission networks ranging from printed circuit boards to power systems. Carson in his derivation makes many assumptions, most of which are only alluded to. This makes defining the boundary...
It is rare for modern power cables to use a solid, continuous screen in their construction. For reasons of economy and ease of construction modern cables increasingly use screens comprised of sparsely spaced conductors. The electrical relationship between a screen manufactured using this construction and the core it surrounds is markedly different to the relationship between a solid coaxial screen...
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