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Background
In 2014, Maryland (MD) implemented a “global budget revenue” (GBR) program that prospectively sets hospital budgets. This program introduced incentives for hospitals to tightly control volume and meet budget targets. We examine GBR’s effects on emergency department (ED) visits, admissions, and returns.
Methods
We performed an interrupted time‐series analysis with difference‐in‐differences...
Fluid machinery used for pumping cryogenic liquid fuels are severely impacted by the onset and development of cavitation. Cavitation in non-cryogenic fluids is commonly assumed to be isothermal, but cavitation in cryogenic fluids is substantially influenced by thermal effects. In the present paper, we present a computational fluid dynamics solver for cryogenic cavitation based on modifications to...
We describe several new algorithms for stochastic particle flow using Gromov's method. We derive a simple exact formula for Q in certain special cases. The purpose of using stochastic particle flow is two fold: improve estimation accuracy of the state vector and improve the accuracy of uncertainty quantification. Q is the covariance matrix of the diffusion for particle flow corresponding to Bayes'...
We derive a new algorithm which avoids normalization of the probability density for particle flow. The algorithm was inspired by renormalization group flow in quantum field theory. In contrast with other particle flow algorithms, this one works in k-space rather than state space. We have roughly 30 or 40 algorithms to compute particle flow, and the three best algorithms avoid computing the normalization...
We derive a new algorithm for particle flow with non-zero diffusion corresponding to Bayes' rule, and we report the results of Monte Carlo simulations which show that the new filter is an order of magnitude more accurate than the extended Kalman filter for a difficult nonlinear filter problem. Our new algorithm is simple and fast to compute, and it has an especially nice intuitive formula, which is...
We compare our new particle flow nonlinear filter algorithms with Monge-Kantorovich optimal transport (MKT) algorithms. These two classes of algorithms are the same in several ways, but they differ in computational complexity and the overall intended purpose, as well as differing in several crucial details of the computation and the problem. Moreover, the deep mathematical theory of incompressible...
We have solved the well known and important problem of particle degeneracy for particle filters. Our filter is roughly seven orders of magnitude faster than standard particle filters for the same estimation accuracy. The new filter is four orders of magnitude faster per particle, and it requires roughly three orders of magnitude fewer particles to achieve the same accuracy as a standard particle filter...
We solve the important and well known problem with particle filters, called “particle degeneracy” or “particle collapse”. This new filter theory is a radical departure from all other particle filters in five ways: (a) we do not use any proposal density; (b) we never resample particles; (c) we compute Bayes' rule by particle flow rather than as a pointwise multiplication; (d) we compute the log of...
Many of us in the field of ultra-low-Vdd processors experience difficulty in assessing the sub/near threshold circuit techniques proposed by earlier papers. This paper investigates five major pitfalls which are often not appreciated by researchers when claiming that their circuits outperform others by working at a lower Vdd with a higher energy-efficiency. These pitfalls include: i) overlook the impacts...
In this paper, we consider the problem of decontaminating a network, i.e., protecting it from unwanted and dangerous intrusions. Initially all nodes are contaminated and a team of agents is deployed to clean the entire network. When an agent transits on a node, it can clean it, when the node is left unguarded, however, it will be recontaminated as soon as at least one of its neighbour is contaminated...
Highly purified water is being investigated for use as a high voltage dielectric due to its high permittivity, ε≈80εο, and relatively high resistivity, ρ≈60MΩ-cm at 6°C. Previous Kerr electro-optic field mapping measurements using parallel plate electrodes have shown significant space charge distortion of the electric field in the dielectric. The sign and magnitude of the space charge injected into...
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