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This article presents automatic generation control of a two area hydro-thermal system under deregulated scenario. A new cascade integral and proportional-derivative (CIPD) controller is proposed as secondary controller for the system. Nature inspired moth-flame optimization (MFO) technique is used for simultaneous optimization of secondary controller gains. The performance of proposed CIPD is compared...
The work represented reflects the involvement of firefly algorithm optimized fuzzy logic based two degrees of freedom integral-double-derivative (F2DOFIDD) controllers for the load frequency control of many-area, multi-source power system incorporating small hydro power plant. Various results obtained through simulations shows the proposed controllers upper-hand in terms of least oscillations, reduced...
This paper focused on design and application of Two-Degree-of-Freedom — Fractional Order PID (2-DOF-FOPID) Controller to solve the automatic generation control (AGC) problem of hydrothermal system as well as multi-area system comprising of different sources such as hydro, thermal and gas units. Appropriate generation rate constraints (GRC) is considered for each unit. The performance of proposed 2-DOF-FOPID...
Two-degree-of-freedom based Proportional plus Integral plus Double Derivative (2-DOF-PIDD) controller is designed and presented to solve the load frequency control (LFC) problem of a three unequal area thermal system. All the areas are equipped with single stage of reheat turbines and appropriate generation rate constraints (GRC). The performances of the proposed 2-DOF-PIDD controller are compared...
This paper presents Automatic Generation Control of a two unequal area Thermal — Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) system. Thermal area is provided with single reheat turbine and generation rate constraints (GRC) of 3% per minute while CCGT system is provided with GRC of 5% per minute. Several classical controllers such as Integral (I), Proportional-Integral (PI) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative...
This paper presents automatic generation control of three unequal area hydro-thermal systems. Appropriate generation rate constraints are considered in each area. Proportional — Integral — Derivative (PID) controller is used as the secondary controller in the areas. A Battery Energy Storage (BES) system is incorporated in Area1 and the system dynamic responses are compared with that of without BES...
This paper presents automatic generation control of three unequal area hydro-thermal systems with appropriate generation rate constraints in each area and each area is interconnected with AC/DC transmission links. Electric governor is considered in hydro area. Battery energy storage (BES) system is incorporated for the first time in 3-area hydro thermal system and areas are interconnected with AC/DC...
This paper presents the automatic generation control (AGC) of an interconnected three unequal area thermal system with appropriate generation rate constraints and governor dead band. The areas are provided with single reheat turbine. The system dynamic performance is evaluated by considering 1% step load perturbation (SLP) in area1. The firefly algorithm (FA) is used for optimization of secondary...
This paper presents Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two and three area thermal systems. Each area of the systems is equipped with single reheat turbine and has a Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) of 3% per minute. System dynamics has been obtained by considering 1% step load perturbation (SLP) in area 1. Performances of several classical controllers such as Integral (I), Proportional-Integral...
This paper deals with automatic generation control of an multi-area hydro-thermal system. The performances of some commonly used classical controllers are examined and dynamic performances are compared to obtain the best. A three input neuro-fuzzy controller is proposed for the first time in the system. Investigations reveal that the three input neuro-fuzzy controller provides better performance than...
This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of three unequal area thermal systems with single reheat turbine and appropriate generation rate constraints (GRC) in each area. The system dynamic responses for various 2DOF controllers such as 2DOF-PI, and 2DOF-PID are compared. Investigations reveal that responses with 2DOF-PID are better than other. The performance of a two degree of freedom...
In this paper, Two-Degree-of-Freedom-Fractional Order-PID (2-DOF-FOPID) Controller is presented for automatic generation control of an interconnected three unequal area thermal system. Performances of different fractional order (FO) based classical controllers such as FOI, FOPI and FOPID are studied and compared with proposed 2-DOF-FOPID controller. Recently developed metaheuristic nature-inspired...
This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of two and three unequal area hydrothermal systems. The thermal areas of the systems are equipped with single reheat turbine and hydro area is with electric governor. Appropriate Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) has been considered in each area. System dynamics has been obtained by considering 1% step load perturbation (SLP) in area1. Performances...
This paper presents the automatic generation control (AGC) of a unequal three area gas-thermal-thermal system. The thermal systems are provided with single reheat turbines and have generation rate constraints (GRC) of 3% per minute. GRC of 20%/minute is provided in gas plant. Secondary controller gains and other parameters are simultaneously optimized using a evolutionary computational technique called...
This paper deals with the automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected two area and three area hydro system. It is assumed that all areas in the systems operate at the same frequency because the traditional approach for interconnection of hydro systems turned out to be unsuccessful. The more recent “Bacterial Foraging Technique” is used for optimization of secondary controller gains. The performances...
In this paper a maiden attempt has been made to examine and investigates the effect of bacterial foraging (BF) optimized fractional order integral and derivative (FOID or IλDμ) controller in automatic generation control (AGC) of a multi-area thermal system considering single stage of reheat turbine and appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC). The performances of several classical integer-order...
This paper deals with automatic generation control (AGC) of a three unequal area thermal system. The performance of a multilayer perception neural network (MLPNN) controller using reinforcement learning is evaluated. Bacterial foraging (BF) technique is used to simultaneously optimize the integral gains (KIi) and speed regulation parameter (Ri) keeping frequency bias fixed at frequency response characteristics...
The paper deals with application of a bacterial foraging (BF) based fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller in automatic generation control (AGC) of a two equal area thermal system considering single stage of reheat turbine and appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC) under deregulated market environment based on bilateral policy scheme. Several integer-order (IO) controllers such as I, PI and...
A concept of fractional order (FO) control has received an increasing interest recently in the control areas. This paper investigates the effect of a fractional-order Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (FOPID) controller in automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected two unequal and three unequal area thermal systems considering appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC). Integral...
This paper presents a fractional-order Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (FOPID) controller in automatic generation control (AGC) of two equal area thermal system under deregulation based on bilateral policy scheme. Appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC) is considered in the system. The performance of FOPID controller is investigated and compared with several integer-order (IO) classical...
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