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To handle huge data traffic in networks, deployment of femtocell and macrocell in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the future of the network society. The efficiency of the system is increased. However, the system deployment may yield to major issue such as the inter cell interference with their neighboring cells. The effect of this issue is the occurrence of low quality of service. One of the proposed...
The future generations of mobile wireless systems such as the 5G technology are expected to be available due to huge demand on network capacity, better end-to-end performance, high mobility and high data rates. Inter-cell interference (ICI) management is one of the paramount issues that should be concerned in multi-tier Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Frequency reuse, successive interference cancellation...
Spectrum scarcity is one of the most discussed limiting factors in wireless communication systems. To solve this issue heterogeneous network (HetNets) is introduced. It is a promising development to fulfil the requirement of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A). With the introduction of HetNets comes femtocell which arises the problem of Inter Cell Interference (ICI)...
Health monitoring system offers a lot of benefits to people life especially for those who have chronic disease and need daily observation. This health monitoring system will improve quality of life. Information technology (IT) and wireless communication system has the potential to improve safety, quality and efficiency of health care. By this improvement of the technology, doctors and patients can...
Microwave communication systems in tropical region like Malaysia, operating at higher frequency ranges, are degraded its performance severely during rains. Hence, the rain fade must be taken in consideration for the MW link design to track the service outage and quality. This paper aims to develop and propose frequency diversity Improvement Factor prediction model for rain fade mitigation from 5–40...
LTE is expected to be the dominant system used by operators in these years due to its promising solutions for achieving high capacity and data rate. However, LTE packet scheduling and distributing resources among users is still the main challenge due to unfairness and low performance which occur when allocating resources to users. In this paper, the above mentioned challenges are studied and analysed,...
Millimeter wave (mm Wave) is today's breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mobile cellular networks, wireless local area networks, personal area networks, and vehicular communications. In the near future, mm Wave products, systems, theories, and devices will come together to deliver mobile data rates thousands of times faster than today's existing cellular and WiFi networks for an example from...
The performance of energy efficiency in a radio-over-fiber system utilizing M-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), OOK (On-Off-keying) and M-PAM (Pulse amplitude modulation) is highlighted. The performance of single channel CO-OFDM and with 10GHz channels pacing at 10-Gb/s data rate is shown through the optisystem for different modulation schemes and different fiber lengths at different receiving...
Radio wave propagation plays a very important part in the design and eventually dictates performance of space communication systems. Over time, the requirements of satellite communication have grown extensively where higher capacity communications systems are needed. Escalating demands of microwave and millimetre wave communications are causing frequency spectrum congestion. Hence, existing and future...
Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are composed of multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band network structures and utilize cells of varying sizes. To cover large areas, established base stations (macro sites) are used; for coating buildings, microcells(macro-eNBs) are employed; for covering individual levels or floors in a building, Pico-cells are utilized; and finally for extending wireless coverage...
The optical OFDM (O-OFDM) system is a growing technology for next generation high-speed optical communication. Two types of O-OFDM; CO-OFDM (Coherent-Optical OFDM) and Direct-current-based optical OFDM (DC-OFDM) are discussed. Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are used in up-converter part of CO-OFDM system to convert the RF signal to optical signal when the light cannot directly modulate for higher...
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the promising modulation techniques suitable for high data rates in a wireless communication system. OFDM is the most effective modulation technique suitable for multipath communication channel and fading environment at reasonable complexity. However, the existence of Error Control Coding (ECC) in OFDM system is necessary for the reliable...
Among different types of antennas, the micro strip patch antennas (MPA) are the center of extensive research interest as the increasing demand for wireless applications are at its peak. To accommodate the need of space for different components in sleek handheld devices like the tablet PC, the MPA is one of the best options. In this paper various structures that are able to demonstrate the multiband...
At a frequency range above 5 GHz, rainfall becomes a serious and major source of attenuation for microwave communication. Atmospheric effects play a major role in designing terrestrial or satellite-to-earth links operating at frequencies above 5 GHz. Raindrops absorb and scatter radio waves, leading to signal attenuation and reduction of the systems availability and reliability. Rain attenuation is...
Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) comprise networks with specially designed architecture. To cover large areas, established base stations (macro sites) are used; for coating buildings, microcells are employed; for covering individual levels or floors in a building, Pico-cells are utilized; and finally for providing wireless coverage to individual apartments, small offices, and home based businesses,...
This paper studies the performance of two well-known Component Carrier (CC) selection algorithms in static and dynamic allocation so as to provide satisfactory Quality of Service (QoS) of a Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) application. Performance evaluation is conducted using the the downlink Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) as the simulation platform. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of...
Radio waves propagate through the earth's atmosphere will be attenuated due to presence of the atmosphere particles such as water vapor, water drops and the ice particles. Meantime the atmospheric gases and rain will absorb the scatter the radio path. Consequently, degrades the performance of the link. This paper presents studies on rain attenuation at 26 GHz, which is widely used for local multipoint...
In this work, a simple mitigation technique for the effect of impulsive noise in Haar discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based OFDM systems is presented. Based on the analysis for a certain configuration of Haar DWT-OFDM, redundancy in the transmitted samples was found and exploited to mitigate the impulsive noise by replacing the corrupted samples. Under the assumption of Bernoulli-Gaussian model for...
Femtocell is a small sized indoor basestation to increase the coverage and capacity. Femtocell is connected through broadband backhual to the IEEE1588 to synchronize and manage the network. Due to limited/poor connectivity femtocell suffers by frequency misallignment and clock differencs. To overcome this problem MS-Assisted Receiver-Receiver Time Synchronization Strategy has been proposed. But this...
Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band structured and utilize cells of varying sizes. The goal behind the implementation of HetNets involves incrementing the capacity of the established network, modifying spectrum use, lowering the capital and operating costs, and offering steady user-based experience of network architecture. However, these random small cell deployments...
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