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The rate of growth of chain-folded lamellar crystals from the subcooled melt of polyethylene fractions is treated in terms of surface nucleation theory with the objective of illuminating the origin of the chain folding phenomenon and associated kinetic effects in molecular terms. An updated version of flux-based nucleation theory in readily usable form is outlined that deals with the nature of polymer...
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene is a linear straight-chain polymeric material with the chemical structure (Cl -C F — F C- F)n. It is well known that this material can be crystallized and that the melting point of the crystals is close to 215°C(1,2). Above this temperature, the polymer is in the liquid or “rubbery” state. On quenching the material very rapidly from the liquid state, crystallization can...
The twentieth volume of the “Digest of the Literature on Dielectrics” covers literature published during the calendar year 1956. The material was gathered by the authors mainly from engineering and scientific journals. However, many books, or pertinent chapters in books, are digested, and occasional reference is made to papers given at scientific meetings and PhD theses. The Digest is a voluminous...
In many respects, the trend taken by dielectric research in the year 1955 is similar to that of previous years -- steady progress has been made in many areas on problems of long standing. That many of the unsolved problems are so venerable does not mean that the field is becoming stagnant. The fact is that through the introduction of new techniques and ideas, often borrowed from other fields, a number...
The dielectric properties of a series of long-chain esters have been investigated in the solid state. Like other long-chain molecules containing 20 or more carbon atoms, most of the ester molecules showed evidence of hindered molecular rotation about their long axes in the crystal lattice. It was also found that higher dielectric constants resulted when the samples were rapidly frozen than when they...
It has been assumed that the potential energy barrier hindering the rotation of chain molecules about their long axes in the solid state has one deep minimum and equation other minima with a potential energy V above that of the deeper well. Reasons are given for believing this approximates the true situation. Application of the Bragg-Williams approximation to this system, leads to the prediction of...
The method of the correlation parameter of Kirkwood has been applied to the derivation of the local field in liquids1. Onsager's formula for the dielectric constant was obtained on the basis of a point dipole model superimposed on a rigid molecular sphere assuming a uniform radial distribution outside the sphere. Alternatively, on assuming a lattice structure, Van Vleck's formula was derived.
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