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In this paper, we present our work on analysis and classification of smiled vowels, chuckling (or shaking) vowels and laughter syllables. This work is part of a larger framework that aims at assessing the level of amusement in speech using the audio modality only. Indeed all of these three categories occur in amused speech and are considered to contribute in the expression of different levels of amusement...
Affect bursts are short, isolated and non-verbal expressions of affect expressed vocally or facially. In this paper we present an attempt at synthesizing audio affect bursts on several levels of arousal. This work concerns 3 different types of affect bursts: disgust, startle and surprised expressions. Data are first gathered for each of these affect bursts at two different levels of arousal each....
Smile is not only a visual expression. When it occurs together with speech, it also alters its acoustic realization. Being able to synthesize speech altered by the expression of smile can hence be an important contributor for adding naturalness and expressiveness in interactive systems. In this work, we present a first attempt to develop a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based synthesis system allowing...
In this paper, we present our work on speech-smile/shaking vowels classification. An efficient classification system would be a first step towards the estimation (from speech signals only) of amusement levels beyond smile, as indeed shaking vowels represent a transition from smile to laughter superimposed to speech. A database containing examples of both classes has been collected from acted and spontaneous...
In this paper, we expose our work on classification of smiled vowels, shaking vowels and laughter syllables. This work is part of a larger framework that aims at assessing the level of amusement in speech using only audio cues. Indeed all of these three categories occur in amused speech and are considered to express a different level of amusement. Four novel features are used to accomplish this task...
In this paper we propose synchronization rules between acoustic and visual laughter synthesis systems. Previous works have addressed separately the acoustic and visual laughter synthesis following an HMM-based approach. The need of synchronization rules comes from the constraint that in laughter, HMM-based synthesis cannot be performed using a unified system where common transcriptions may be used...
Thanks to a remarkably great ability to show amusement and engagement, laughter is one of the most important social markers in human interactions. Laughing together can actually help to set up a positive atmosphere and favors the creation of new relationships. This paper presents a data collection of social interaction dialogs involving humor between a human participant and a robot. In this work,...
In this work, we present a study dedicated to improve the speech-laugh synthesis quality. The impact of two factors is evaluated. The first factor is the addition of breath intake sounds after laughter bursts in speech. The second is the repetition of the word interrupted by laughs in the speech-laugh sentences. Several configurations are evaluated through subjective perceptual tests. We report an...
This paper presents an HMM-based speech-smile synthesis system. In order to do that, databases of three speech styles were recorded. This system was used to study to what extent synthesized speech-smiles (defined as Duchenne smiles in our work) and spread-lips (speech modulated by spreading the lips) communicate amusement. Our evaluation results showed that the speech-smiles synthesized sentences...
This paper presents an HMM-based synthesis approach for speechlaughs. The building stone of this project was the idea of the co-occurrence of smile and laughter bursts in varying proportions within amused speech utterances. A corpus with three complementary speaking styles was used to train the underlying HMM models: neutral speech, speech-smile, and finally laughter in different articulatory configurations...
This paper studies the effect of ferrite beads on the audio quality of Class-D audio amplifiers. This latter is a switching circuit which creates high frequency harmonics. Generally, a filter is used at the amplifier output for the sake of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). So often, in integrated solutions, this filter contains ferrite beads which are magnetic components and present nonlinear behavior...
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