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The objective of this paper is to develop a spatial temporal runoff modelling of local rainfall patterns effect on the plant cover hilly lands in Kelantan River Basin. Rainfall interception loss based on leaf area index, loss/infiltration on the ground surface, and runoff calculation were considered as the main plant cover effects on the runoff volume. In this regard, a hydrological and geotechnical...
Difficulties on the estimating of aerosol radiative forcing is due to lack of knowledge on the microphysical and aerosol optical properties and their extreme variations of spatial distribution. In understanding the dynamics of aerosols and the associated influence on global climatic conditions one of the critical parameter used is Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). AOD acts as a good indicator due to strong...
Wind in Malaysia is significantly influenced by monsoon season throughout the year and has possessed low wind speed between 3 to 5 m/s. In retrieving wind direction from remotely sensed data, high wind speed (at least above 7 m/s) is needed to produce visible wind streak on the coefficient image. This study aimed to derive low wind speed of wavelet coefficient for wind direction extraction from SAR...
The efficiency of metal-oxide (MOX) semiconductor gas sensor is depends on the high accuracy of its performance. In real monitoring situation, the responses of gas sensor are inclined to substantial drift effects that caused by environmental factors (i.e., ambient temperature and humidity) that have reduced the sensor's accuracy. Therefore, the study aims to identify the probable span of drift in...
Metal-oxide (MOX) gas sensors are well-known with their high sensitivity in detecting gases. Despite of this quality, the responses of gas sensor are inclined to substantial drift effects caused by the environmental variable of the surrounding atmosphere such as temperature. The variation of temperature introduced shifts in the dynamic features of sensor resistance, and nonlinearly modified the original...
Backscatter of RadarSat-1 SAR images for incidence angles between 20° to 70° at an ocean area is caused by Bragg scattering. The Bragg-scale waves created based on the response of the ocean to the wind stress. Therefore, wind direction can be retrieved in radar images from the orientation of the wind streaks that visible in the images. However, the variation of the incidence angle can cause geometric...
Wind in Malaysia varies according to the Northeast and Southwest monsoon. The transition period of the two monsoons, April and October inter-monsoon also influence the wind in Malaysia. The determination of the fit wind speed distribution has become a vital process in wind energy estimation and coastal engineering application. However, previous study focuses only on the fit annual distribution instead...
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