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This work presents the design, simulation, fabrication and measurement of a novel set of microstrip filters to perform the task of frequency discriminators. These filters' frequency responses are based on the balanced Gray-code. Results show that the use of the balanced Gray-code, as opposed to the traditional Gray-code, allowed 20% circuit size reduction by using 60% less resonators due to a change...
This paper presents a comparison between fixed and reconfigurable 4-bit microwave discriminators. The fixed discriminator is implemented by using multi-band-stop filters to define bits used for frequency identification. The reconfigurable discriminator is implemented by using delay lines and two SPQT switches. Both designs operate at L and S bands, a comparison between both devices is provided, including...
The authors present a novel compact 3-bit interferometer based on Hilbert fractal geometry for application to Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) system operating in the range 4.66–6.38 GHz. The interferometers use two-way Wilkinson power dividers connected to two microstrip line with different signal delays, where one of these microstrip lines is based on Hilbert fractal curve. A full wave...
This paper presents a practical implementation of a S-Band 4-bit Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Subsystem based on microstrip multibandstop filters. The outputs are converted using RF detectors and digitized using an Arduino® board. Filter design is based on open-loop resonators. Sub-band is determined by calculating the average value of m measures and standard deviation is used to further...
This paper presents a building block approach for the design of frequency identification receivers. The devices are based on a Reconfigurable Discriminator (RD) for frequency measurement, operating from 1 to 4 GHz. The RD is a two-port device used to identify the frequency of an unknown signal. The devices use RF switches, which are implemented with PIN diodes to select different bits used for frequency...
A 4-bit instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) subsystem operating in the 1.5–4.66 GHz frequency band has been developed based on multi-band-stop filters. The design instantaneously detects the incoming signal which is then associated to one of the 16 sub-bands. Design, simulation and measurement of the device are presented in this paper, where a good agreement between simulations and measurements...
This paper presents a novel 4-bit reconfigurable discriminator for frequency measurement, operating from 1 to 4 GHz. The discriminator is a two-port device used to identify the frequency of an unknown signal by switching between its 4 states. The device is formed by a fixed reference line and a switchable delay line. The device is implemented using microstrip lines and PIN diodes. Simulated and measured...
This paper presents a novel 4-bit reconfigurable discriminator for frequency measurement, operating from 1 to 4 GHz. The discriminator is a two-port device used to identify the frequency of an unknown signal by switching between its 4 states. The device is formed by a fixed reference line and a switchable delay line. The device is implemented using microstrip lines and PIN diodes. Simulated and measured...
This paper presents the conception and simulation results of a switched smart antenna array to be used for a reliable communication between a Distributor of Electricity and its automation devices such as remotely supervised and controlled electrical switches. The smart antenna system controls the direction of the radiation main lobe, increasing the transmitted power density, which allows the establishment...
A 3-dB microstrip power divider was designed and fabricated to integrate two multi-band-stop filters for Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) system application. A 2-bits IFM system was set up with the divider. Experimental results are also presented.
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