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The electrocardiographic tracing represents one of the most versatile pre-diagnostic tools and of greater clinical use at the present time. However, there are indicators that are difficult to observe by a health specialist, such as the so-called J-point and ST-segment elevation, useful in the assessment of ischemia. The present work proposes an improvement of the algorithm “Rising Falling Transition...
This paper makes an analysis of the ECG leads obtained with the triads of electrodes proposed in [1]. Also makes an analysis and gives recommendations about the sampling frequency of the XBee used.
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death worldwide. An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVD in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a central tool for the pre-diagnosis of heart diseases. Many advances on ECG arrhythmia classification have been developed in the last century; however, there is...
This paper provides a wireless alternative to transmit surface ECG potentials taken from three different points of the Einthoven's triangle. Potentials, after being amplified and filtered they are transmitted and received using XBee technology. This avoids the use of cables for connecting electrodes to instrumentation amplifiers, which could improve the measurement of the heart's activity, and increase...
The cables that carry electrocardiographic (ECG) signal from the surface electrodes to the electrocardiograph play an important role in the production of undesirable artifacts (noise), especially when the patient moves, or for example in an ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) or in a stress electrocardiogram. Even though it is highly desirable to keep the ECG signal as faithfully as possible since...
The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is rising, so more people are requiring cardiac services. The private service is very expensive; hence the public health sector capacity is exceeded to accomplish this demand. A proposal to solve this problem is the implementation of a wireless network based on Bluetooth (BT) for recording, monitoring and analysis of electrocardiographic signals (ECG). Three...
Mexicali is the most polluted in the country for particle matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), which produces premature deaths and cardio-respiratory diseases. We present benefits in public health, for projecting control measures on the PM10. It was found that by reducing PM10 at 8% per year, would be avoided annually: 137 premature deaths, 563 emergency room visits for asthma exacerbation,...
This work presents the construction of an adult's human respiratory tract emulator for the study of the particle matter when they get into the respiratory tract. Particles are trapped by filters in a bronchiole-alveolar level, which can be taken to lab for chemical analysis as well as physical and the effects of such particles on the pulmonary tissue.
Ventricular late potentials are electrocardiographic components that are attenuated, fragmented and delayed when the ventricular depolarization wave reaches any tissue damaged by a heart attack. These potentials are often studied for use as markers of sudden cardiac death risk. The method most used to predict this risk is the classical time domain. However, this method has a great sensitivity to noise,...
Thousands of deaths can be prevented detecting Ventricular Late Potentials (VLPs) in patients who have suffered infarcts heart attacks. The current method to detect VLPs based on time domain analysis presents low predictive values. VLPs are very difficult to detect because have amplitudes between 5 and 20 µV and their spectrum is difficult to distinguish from noise spectrum. The Wigner distribution...
The time-series are widely used in ecological studies. The results derived from them serve to make better environmental health policy. That's why the data collected in the series must be very reliable. However, these time-series often have missing values. There are several ways of imputing missing values, but it is very common to produce significant biases in the statistical properties of the original...
Ventricular Late Potentials (VLP) are very small electrocardiographic signals that are attenuated, fragmented and delayed, when the depolarization wave reaches some tissue damaged by some myocardial infarction. The detection of the VLP is complicated mainly because their amplitudes are very similar to the electrocardiographic noise levels and their spectral components are overlapping by both the spectral...
Every hour 8 to 10 Mexicans die because of cardiovascular diseases. The most common pathology is Myocardial Infarction, primarily responsible for deaths throughout of the country, and the leading cause of death in the Baja California state. Those who survive a myocardial infarction are highly likely to suffer Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) due to the development of malignant ventricular tachycardia. This...
Ventricular Late Potentials (VLPs) are important indicators of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in people with a history of heart attack. Many algorithms for VLPs detection are based on quantifying increases in the QRS complex duration due to VLPs make QRS complexes larger. We took High Resolution ECGs from 50 individuals in resting position with no heart-attack antecedents and we simulated a VLPs database...
Particle matter (PM10) and ozone (O3) have been associated with pulmonary function (i.e., FEV1 and FVC) decrements in exposed populations. Mexicali's atmosphere has those pollutants that fail continuously in reaching the Mexican standards. This work presents the results obtained from multiple linear regressions, used to model the FEV1 and FVC behavior of 258 healthy school children between 9 and 12...
The Signal Averaged Electrocardiography (SAECG) is a widely used technique to improve Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in ECG records, taken in account that these records are quasi-steady. Sometimes patient's physiology may alter those quasi-steady characteristics in heartbeats that are assumed in the averaging. This paper evaluates the QRS complex duration (QRSd) as a parameter for measuring heartbeat-alignment,...
A digital image processing method for detecting tuberculosis (TB) is presented. First, a reference representing the specialists' determination of TB bacilli on a digital image is validated. And the noise in the signal intensities is evaluated to quantify the image capture system. A simple algorithm is proposed for identification of the bacillus, by means of only thresholding in the color channels...
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) allows determining a decrease in the cardiac autonomic function. This has been associated with environmental pollution, especially with particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) [1]. We examined the relationship between those pollutants and some parameters of the HRV in time and frequency domains. Intervals of 5 minutes...
Mexicali's air presents high pollution mainly by breathable particulate matter (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO), although others like fine particle matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) show important levels. It has seen that respiratory diseases of exposed populations are aggravated. To know for instance how those pollutants impact the acute respiratory infections...
The design issues of a low-cost microcontroller-based device for monitoring the cardiac activity are presented. Two channels are configured for the acquisition of an electrocardiogram and a phonocardiogram, using a PIC16F877 microcontroller connected to a DMF5005 graphic LCD module to display the waveforms. The analog circuitry is simply illustrated, while main digital hardware and software modules...
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