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Dynasonde approach to ionospheric radio sounding capitalizes on high precision of physical parameters and rich statistics of recognized echoes phase-based methods can provide. As has been recently demonstrated, the Dynasonde profiles of the electron density and of the horizontal gradients, complemented with profiles of the Doppler speed, carry comprehensive quantitative information about Atmospheric...
The electromagnetic consequences of splits in the reference plane of signal lines include signal reflections, crosstalk and electromagnetic interference (EMI). This paper deals with the effects of a split reference plane on the crosstalk level between single ended (SE) signal lines crossing the split. Coupling mechanisms are analyzed by investigating microstrip and stripline configurations for different...
Micro heaters have particular applications in the gas sensor and the biotechnological field. The micro heaters are used to obtain the desired constant temperatures over the entire heating surface. Additionally the power consumption should be as low as possible. In this paper we present the electro-thermal characterization of a rectangular pattern mesh micro heater placed on a flexible substrate. Electrical...
Due to the continuous trend of miniaturization and high density interconnect PCBs, chip resistors are getting smaller and smaller. The resistive layer dimensions have been reduced and its small thickness is dependant by the technological manufacturing process, therefore transient electrical events like Electrostatic Discharge Pulses (ESD) can change the initial properties of the resistive layer, which...
Nowadays the size of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) displays on the market has a continuous ascending trend which demands higher and higher resolutions. The backlight system of a LCD is the structure that offers light which passes through the liquid crystals layer. No matter what method is used, it has to provide a high luminous intensity and a uniform light distribution on screen visible surface....
With the continuous size increase of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens, backlight applications have to keep up with the demand for higher luminous intensity. High quality applications demand uniform light distribution over the visible screen surface. This paper presents a design and optimization method for LED backlight assemblies with the goal of improving luminous intensity uniformity on LCDs...
This paper presents a method of multi-domain modeling for power Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with the goal of providing the ability for simultaneous simulations of electrical, thermal and optical behavior. This approach enables engineers to have a better insight into LED critical performance parameters in various operating conditions, by considering the main electrical-thermal and optical interactions...
For power electronics and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting applications, thermal management represents a critical factor having important consequences on electrical performance and overall cost of the assembly. Although advanced solutions for heat removal like Isolated Metal Substrates (IMS) base materials or thermally conductive epoxies have entered the market for a few years they still have a...
All types of passive components present variations of most parameters as function of the operating temperature. Depending on the component type and thermal management, in a specific application, these parameter variations can sometimes exceed 20% over the entire temperature range, having an important effect on the overall performance of the circuit. These variations in parameter values, although expected,...
Often, the printed circuit boards (PCB) for power applications are manufactured with some traces thickened by a deposit of soldering alloy. The reason for such a design feature comes from the thermal management requirements: as it is believed that this would significantly increase the current carrying capability of the trace. At a first view, such a statement might seem to make sense: thickening the...
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