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Sometimes the overlay networks for large-scale distributed middleware are constructed without considering the underlying network structure. For improving the performance, many kinds of middleware which actively control underlying network are proposed. In this case, both overlay and underlay network behavior should be tested. On the other hand, they provide different functions since they target different...
We demonstrate low-driving power silicon microring Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) driven by thermo-optic effect. The multiple-wavelength modulation is realized using a cascaded microring MZM. The driving voltage is reduced up-to 1/6 in a push-pull microring MZM.
We experimentally demonstrate the low-driving power/voltage characteristics of a cascaded push-pull microring Mach-Zehnder modulator (MRR MZM) for multiple-wavelength modulation and a 4 ×4 switch using silicon microring loaded MZ interferometers driven by thermo-optic effect. The driving voltage is reduced up-to 1/3 in the MZM and power up-to 1/2 in the switch.
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