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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consume a lot of energy in infrastructure creation and maintenance which also include topology control, i.e., coverage and connectivity. Several sleep-based topology control protocols have been proposed for better performance. While the existing protocols serve their purpose, they still consume high energy. We propose an energy-efficient protocol for Coverage, Connectivity...
Geographic and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR) protocol uses energy aware neighbor selection to route a packet towards the target region and geographic forwarding or flooding approaches to disseminate the packet inside the destination region. The objective of this protocol is to fairly balance the energy among neighbor nodes. However, being distance aware by the geographic routing or energy aware creates...
Grounding is probably the source of the greatest confusion in the understanding of electrical power distribution systems by many engineers and technicians. Many well- known standards are made to facilitate such understanding for safe operation of distribution networks. The purpose of grounding is “to limit voltages due to lightning, line surges or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines…”...
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