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Wireless measurement systems will provide significant benefits to industrial applications, for production facilities as well as in mobile or R&D scenarios. However, in order to exploit the improvements by flexibility, scalability and easy reconfigurability brought by wireless sensor networks (WSN), industrial use cases often require a sustainable autonomous energy supply, while providing the reliability...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are typically used to measure physical quantities of their environment at locations characterized by poor accessibility and lacking of wired infrastructure. To extend the operational time, energy harvesting systems (EHSs) support the power supply by transforming environmental energy into electrical energy. In the best case, a self-sufficient supply of the sensor node...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are at the verge of a broad acceptance in demanding industrial applications. Nodes must fulfill key requirements like reliability and deterministic communication, but also energy autarky in order to allow maintenance-free systems. In this paper a system combining low power, robust communication with appropriate methods for energy harvesting and energy management is...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are typically used as interface between the real and digital world. Autonomous sensor nodes of WSNs are placed directly on location to measure physical quantities. Such locations are often characterized by a poor accessibility and no wired infrastructure. These facts cause the need of a dedicated energy supply and some kind of wireless communication. To enable a long...
Wireless sensor networks are often deployed in harsh environments where they are exposed to extreme conditions. The influences and faults resulting from these conditions are often overlooked. As there are many possibilities for the occurrence of faults, dependability considerations are of high importance. In this work we present an approach for choosing the most adequate parameter set out of a number...
Slope monitoring in inner-alpine regions is important for early warning systems to detect potential landslides. Such slopes are often located at areas without wired infrastructure. Thus, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used as measurement and communication system. Each sensor node is equipped with a GPS receiver and is placed in the monitored slope. After transmitting the raw GPS data to the...
Teaching wireless sensor networks (WSNs) only theoretically is not sufficient to understand the complex interaction of these networks. WSNs consist of sensor nodes which measure physical quantities of their environment, preprocess the measured data, and transmit it towards a base station in a multi-hop manner. WSNs are typically used in application areas without wired infrastructure and so they must...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are power critical systems, because they are used in application areas without wired infrastructure. Each sensor node needs a dedicated power supply. Today's protocols and applications for WSNs are often power-aware. However, the state-of-charge (SoC) estimation of the energy storage component (e.g. rechargeable battery) influences the decisions of the power-aware software...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) suffer from the lack of wired infrastructure. Each node needs its own power supply, e.g. batteries or energy harvesting systems (EHSs). Typically, EHSs can extend the lifetime of a sensor node or even enable perpetual operation. Due to the high variation of harvestable energy of the environment, the design of the EHSs has to be done very carefully. The design process...
In this work, we show how to use a leaky bucket counter (LBC) as a sophisticated threshold mechanism for detecting events in wireless sensor networks. After introducing the LBC and elaborating on various special cases for different possibilities of event detection, we present a case study. Using varying parameters, we compare the performance of the LBC approach to that of a moving average approach...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are typically used in application areas without wired infrastructure or mobility. Therefore, each sensor node needs its own energy supply unit. Sustainable WSNs are powered by energy harvesting systems (EHSs). These systems harvest and buffer the energy from the environment into rechargeable batteries or double layer capacitors. Due to the fact that the connectivity...
Energy efficiency is very important for mobile devices and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), because the consumable energy is limited. Therefore, the operating time of such devices depends mainly on the capacity of the energy storage component and on the average power consumption of the device. The power consumption depends on the supply voltage and on the activated components of the hardware. This...
Large scale deployments of small, wireless, networked, embedded systems demand for cost reduction in development and maintenance. Most often, this translates into the need for reliable methods for energy conservation as it is the case for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Our work considers energy harvesting system (EHS)-enhanced WSN technology which is the state-of-the-art technology for perpetual...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) motes are resource constrained devices. Especially, bandwidth and energy are scarce resources. Therefore, lots of effort is put into the optimization of low-power networking protocols. While network control overhead is an issue for many to most of such protocols, we present an approach that is virtually overhead-free. We introduce the implementation of an autonomous network...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) motes are resource constrained devices. This is due to optimizations tailoring them towards application-specific and cost-efficient scenarios and setups. Many to most of these optimizations are built upon power aware aspects and dependability measures due to the fact that battery technology still evolves quite slowly and WSN's inherent redundancy is suitable for fault-tolerant...
Energy harvesting systems (EHSs) are the key to perpetual operation of electronic devices in application areas with bad infrastructure or mobility. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often used in such areas. Normal WSN nodes are powered by batteries. Therefore, the lifetime is limited and the batteries have to be replaced manually after a certain period of time. This problem can be solved by EHSs...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are very complex systems. They are often used in application areas with poor infrastructure and mobility, so each sensor node of a WSN needs its own power supply. Energy harvesting systems (EHSs) can be used to extend the operational lifetime of sensor nodes or even enable perpetual operation. However, the efficiency of the power supply depends not only on the used...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes have to cope with severe power supply constraints. Energy harvesting system (EHS) technology is used for prolonging network lifetime. Robust operation of such systems heavily relies on accurate models of EHS efficiency and node power dissipation for calculating sustainable operation modes. A node's energy balance can be described with a power state model (PSM)....
A microcontroller is the most important component of a wireless sensor node, also called mote. It has to perform the measurements using the integrated peripherals, to post process the measured data as well as to coordinate the data transport of the wireless sensor network (WSN). The lowest possible power consumption is also a key requirement. The MSP430™ microcontroller family from Texas Instruments...
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