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Kidney transplantation, the most effective treatment for the metabolic abnormalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD), only partially corrects CKD–mineral and bone disorders. Posttransplantation bone disease, one of the major complications of kidney transplantation, is characterized by accelerated loss of bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures and osteonecrosis. The pathogenesis of posttransplantation...
Enhancing, modifying or adapting the software to new requirements increases the internal software complexity. Software with high level of internal complexity is difficult to maintain. Software refactoring reduces software complexity and hence decreases the maintenance effort. However, software refactoring becomes quite challenging task as the software evolves. The authors use clustering as a pattern...
Specification of object-oriented systems by UML models has become an eminent practice among software practitioners. UML Sequence diagrams are used to model the dynamic behavior of the software system depicting how objects interact by passing messages. The UML Metamodel, which is contained in the UML Specification Version 2, has undergone a significant change with respect to sequence diagrams. Complex...
Refactoring, the process of improving the design of existing code by changing its internal structure without affecting its external behavior, tends to improve software quality by improving design, improving readability, and reducing bugs. There are many different refactoring methods, each having a particular purpose and effect. Consequently, the effect of refactorings on software quality attribute...
Developers and designers always strive for quality software. Quality software tends to be robust, reliable and easy to maintain, and thus reduces the cost of software development and maintenance. Class cohesion is an important internal quality attribute. Several methods have been applied to improve software quality; refactoring is one of those methods. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether...
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