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Stress-induced birefringence in silica-on-silicon waveguides is analyzed by the finite element method using the normalized plane strain model. The simulation results show that the thermal expansion coefficient of the upper-cladding is the most critical factor. A waveguide with zero birefringence is obtained and used to realize polarization independent AWGs.
A wedge cavity within two metallic plates is suggested by filling half of the cavity with a photonic crystal with a negative effective index. The eigen frequencies and quality factors of the modes are studied with the finite element method. Phenomena associated with this open wedge cavity are explained physically. A potential application of this novel cavity as a gas sensor is also studied
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