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The inherent reduction in inertial frequency response resulting from a shift in generation mix towards renewables, is presenting a range of operational planning challenges for transmission system operators (TSOs) globally. Dictating the ability to maintain frequency following significant mismatches in supply and demand, it is of great consequence to the real-time operation of the power system. In...
This paper aims to provide comparative study of different feature extraction methods applied to partial discharge signals. It has been clearly shown in research literature that partial discharge signals generated from different PD sources can have different shapes. It is highly beneficial to separate and classify such different signals as different signal shapes can indicate different underlying physical...
Distribution networks are undergoing major changes to accommodate and adapt to the new functionalities required to support smart grid infrastructure. Data communication between interoperable smart grid components will be critical in most cases as the network operators will have to act promptly to effectively operate medium and low voltage networks. Millions of smart meters and intelligent electronic...
Future smart grids will require existing distribution networks to support novel distribution management system functionalities. Millions of smart meters will be deployed in the UK in near future. Vast amounts of data from such meters and other intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in distribution network substations will require high speed communications. Such data will have to be concentrated at...
Wind power represents a growing share of electricity supply on many power systems around the world. The UK has plans for over 33GW of offshore wind power to be developed before 2020, which would substantially alter the generation mix. The GB electric grid has traditionally depended on fossil fuel fired synchronous plant to control power output and maintain the balance between supply and demand through...
The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), with its ability to directly calculate the power systems state variable, is deemed vital to achieving the wide area monitoring and control requirements of the Smart Grid. Making effective use of the data however, is not without its challenges and the successful deployment of such a synchrophasor-based system requires enhanced testing and validation. The development...
This paper presents a new approach to solving the Economic Dispatch (ED) Problem for a large number of generators using a decomposition / aggregation method. A program has been developed to demonstrate the algorithm using the MATLAB programming language. A 5-bus test system and the IEEE 26-bus test system are used as demonstration systems. Each test system is decomposed into small areas and each area...
Direct drive generators have the potential to simplify Wave Energy Converters (WEC) and increase reliability. In the last couple of decades several technologies proposing direct drive linear generators for wave energy converters have been proposed. In this paper a review of the current technologies for direct drive generators is carried out. Moreover, the most common magnetisation types for permanent...
In recent years a growing demand for renewable energy has emerged. In this paper the most common structural designs for direct drive linear generators are reviewed. Moreover, in the paper an investigation of magnetic core structural design and number of phases in the machine is carried out. Furthermore, in the paper explanation and ways of calculation of the cogging forces occurring in direct drive...
This paper aims to provide a robust data mining framework for partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition, specifically to classify the PD signals based on their shapes. The framework contains feature extraction (FE), feature selection (FS), unsupervised clustering analysis and clustering result validation. In the process of FE, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is shown to be the suitable dimension...
National Grid, the Transmission System Operator for Great Britain, has recently installed a Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS), to improve the real-time view of the power system. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been installed, primarily through upgrades to digital fault recorders, as an extension to dynamic system monitoring. This paper reviews the development of WAMS on the GB System and presents...
Power line communication (PLC) has been widely used in the Smart Grid environment as it represents a low cost communication solution for distribution networks and more recently smart metering. However, its instability under noisy channel conditions requires careful simulations and modelling before implementing any PLC-based solution. Modelling physical characteristics of PLC using different simulation...
As utilities move towards a more intelligent, autonomous distribution network with increased penetration of distributed generation there is a requirement for utilities and consultancies to analyze how these changes will affect network operation and performance under varying conditions. This requires a large amount of data and results to be moved on a frequent communications basis between applications...
The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is deemed vital to achieving the wide area monitoring and control requirements of the Smart Grid. The devices are capable of capturing time synchronised power system quantities at a very high resolution and accuracy. They are intended to provide key control inputs to both, intra-network High Voltage DC (HVDC) links and potential Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor...
Smart electricity distribution networks of the future with large-scale deployment of smart meters, intelligent asset condition monitoring, distributed generation and responsive demand will produce vast amounts of data requiring near to real-time analysis. Emerging Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solutions have the potential to enable near to real-time state estimation across large-scale...
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the CIM is and how such significant misconceptions often reflect a misunderstanding about the CIM based on its most common implementations. The issue of CIM compliance will be considered...
Vanadium redox flow batteries offer many advantages over other energy storage technologies. In the context of wind farm operation, these batteries could greatly enhance the interaction of intermittent renewables with the power system and can provide ancillary services such as frequency control. This allows renewable sources to behave more like conventional plant. In this paper a novel power system...
The large scale penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) within distribution networks will significantly impact on the operation of future distribution systems. It will also be possible to take advantage of DG with regard to the service restoration in distribution networks. For example, when there is not enough capacity to restore the entire out-of-service area, the network operator can implement...
Security constrained optimal VAR despatch using 3500 bus Great Britain transmission planning models is investigated in this paper. The investigation demonstrates the value of applying practical reactive branch flow constraints to generator transformers in order to limit the pre-fault reactive utilization. This research also demonstrates that a multi-staged optimization approach can be used to remove...
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