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In the latest years, we observed an exponential growth of the market of the mobile devices. In this scenario, it assumes a particular relevance the rate at which mobile devices are replaced. According to the International Telecommunicaton Union in fact, smart-phone owners replace their device every 20 months, on average. The side effect of this trend is to deal with the disposal of an increasing amount...
An increasing number of High-Performance Applications demand some form of time predictability, in particular in scenarios where correctness depends on both performance and timing requirements, and the failure to meet either of them is critical. Consequently, a more predictable HPC system is required, particularly for an emerging class of adaptive real-time HPC applications. Here we present our runtime...
This paper proposes and studies an autonomous hibernation technique and optimal hibernation policies aimed at minimizing the power consumption, while allowing stateful processing in constrained embedded systems with long-lasting lifetime requirements. To this purpose the paper models the energy contributions for hibernating the system-by saving the memory status on an external non-volatile memory...
The 2PARMA project aims at overcoming the lack of parallel programming models and run-time resource management techniques to exploit the features of many-core processor architectures. More in detail, the 2PARMA project focuses on the definition of a parallel programming model combining component-based and single-instruction multiple-thread approaches, instruction set virtualisation based on portable...
Real-time applications, hard or soft, are raising the challenge of unpredictability. This is an extremely difficult problem in the context of modern, dynamic, multiprocessor platforms which, while providing potentially high performance, make the task of timing prediction extremely difficult. Also, with the growing software content in embedded systems and the diffusion of highly programmable and re-configurable...
Technology trends enable the integration of many processor cores in a System-on-Chip (SoC). In these complex architectures, several architectural parameters can be tuned to find the best trade-off in terms of multiple metrics such as energy and delay. The main goal of the MULTICUBE project consists of the definition of an automatic Design Space Exploration framework to support the design of next generation...
The main goals of the 2PARMA project are: the definition of a parallel programming model combining component-based and single-instruction multiple-thread approaches, instruction set virtualisation based on portable byte-code, run-time resource management policies and mechanisms as well as design space exploration methodologies for many-core computing architectures.
The quality of realistic complex wireless sensor networks requires several non-functional aspects to be accounted for starting from the early phases of the application development. The most relevant aspects that need to be considered for optimization trade-offs are for sure computational efficiency (in a wide sense) and network lifetime. At lower level these aspects are measured as power/energy consumption...
Power management at any abstraction level is a key issue for many mobile multimedia and embedded applications. In this paper a design workflow to generate system-level power models will be presented, tailored to support quantitative run-time power optimization policies to be implemented within an operating system. The approach we followed to derive power models is strongly use-case oriented. Starting...
A methodology for WSN planning should produce a suitable placement of sensors to simplify the acquisition of the data relevant for the application. The goal of this paper is to present a strategy to formally specify the system level characteristics of the events to be monitored and to identify a proper set of sensor-position pairs, tailored to provide the required sensing capabilities. In particular...
System-level design of WSNs includes the selection of the sensing nodes and their dissemination in the environment to be monitored. Many design choices have to be taken during this stage of the development of the application. The goal of this paper is to present a methodology to specify formally the desired behavior of the sensing application and to derive an optimal selection and placement of the...
This paper presents a methodology for accurately characterizing the system calls of an operating system for embedded applications. Characterization consists of two phases: measurements and modeling. Measurements allow a coarse-grained quantitative comparison of different operating systems. Models, on the other hand, have been derived to gain a more detailed view of the behavior of a RTOS. Furthermore,...
This paper proposes a methodology to off-line planning of WSNs (wireless sensor networks) by addressing the problem in a multi-layer manner. At the sensor level a model is described to properly select and distribute the sensors in the environment. To optimize the cost and deployment of realistic WSNs, further design activities are proposed at an intermediate level, targeting board-level clustering...
A comprehensive WSNs (wireless sensor networks) design methodology should deserve enough effort to select a suitable set of sensors with a proper spatial distribution, in order to ensure a correct monitoring of the parameters relevant for the application. The goal of this paper is to show how it is possible a priori ensuring that a given WSN is actually capable to satisfy the application requirements...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous devices equipped with sensors and radio communication capabilities. They can act in a cooperative manner for monitoring environmental parameters like pressure, temperature, acceleration, light, humidity, etc. The typical WSN design problem is to discover a proper set of sensors and their spatial distribution, so to enable...
The paper reports a successful design experience, revealing: the value of open-software and design frameworks to shrink up design time; the need of deserving significant effort and time to the conceptual phase of the design; the still significant importance of board-level design, especially when different volumes can produce changes in the cost-effectiveness analysis. The system we developed (BikerEye)...
The paper aims at defining a methodology for the optimization of the switching power related to the processor-to memory communication on system-level buses. First, a methodology to profile the switching activity related to system-level buses has been defined, based on the tracing of benchmark programs running on the Sun SPARC V8 architecture. The bus traces have been analyzed to identify temporal...
Estimation of software power consumption is becoming one of the major problems for many embedded applications. The paper presents a novel approach to compute the energy of an instruction set, through a suitable functional decomposition of the activities involved during instruction execution. One of the main advantages of this approach is the capability to predict the power figures of the overall instruction-set...
The need for low-power embedded systems has become very significant within the microelectronics scenario in the most recent years. A power-driven methodology is mandatory during embedded systems design to meet system-level requirements while fulfilling time-to-market. The aim of this paper is to introduce accurate and efficient power metrics included in a hardware/software (HW/SW) codesign environment...
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