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Investigation on fouling behaviour of calcium carbonate on heat exchanger surfaces as well as mitigation of fouling are presented in this paper. By varying parameters such as concentration of the fouling solution, temperature of the heating surface, type of materials and use of additives, the fouling rate on the test specimens were observed. A set of experiments were performed by using calcium carbonate...
The main aim of this paper is to generate understanding of the range of internal and external factors which impact the business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B EC) development of the smaller firms in agro-based industry. Drawing on existing research on e-readiness models of information, communications and technology (ICT) specifically B2B EC technologies, this paper formulates a conceptual model...
Jawi-Malay transliteration at basis was introduced to get information from old manuscripts that contain important information in various spheres of knowledge. The weakness in reading and understanding from Jawi source rise when new generation less in use Jawi as medium in their daily activities such as spreading and retrieval information. Using the earlier literature reviews, approaches, framework...
Camera calibration and image processing is the most important factor in computer vision. Some of the techniques that are applied in the process of calibration are linier, technical and non technical linier with two stages. Calibration techniques can be implemented, for example in the Autonomous Robotic Soccer. The process of calibration is one of the key factors of success in robotic soccer game....
Quite often that old documents are suffering from background damage. Examples of background damages are varying contrast, ancient document age and the documents have degraded over time due to storage conditions and the quality of the written parchment. These have damaged background for example such as: have varying contrast, smudges, dirty, presence of seeping ink from the other side of the document,...
The development of location based services (LBS) applications specifically on mobile devices requires research into various fields of studies which include cartography, map visualization techniques, mobile graphic engine and wireless network support. Mobile devices however pose limitations such as small screen size, low resolution, limited memory and processing power for map display and navigation...
This present study is aimed to develop a hybrid e-training measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. Overall reliability coefficients of all items when analyzed with SPSS 15.0 using cronbach alpha reliability test were 932. while reliability at the scale or factor levels were also acceptable ranging from .886 to .971. Subsequently construct validity was conducted by employing confirmatory...
The purpose of this research is study of customer relationship management process in customer retention in Malaysia. I describe the objectives of customer relationship management (CRM) in customer retention which is very important for the survival of companies in today competitive environment. Satisfying customers and surviving in today's fast moving marketplaces requires: a brain to understand, learn,...
Knowledge retention is a topic that comes up in many discussions of knowledge management. The primary concern is how to tap the brains of employees who are retiring, moving on to new jobs or otherwise leaving the company. Of course, there is no one way to create good knowledge retention. This necessitates different approaches for knowledge sharing or knowledge retention. Loss of critical knowledge...
The subject of cursive handwritten character recognition is still open to be studied because of its complex nature. Recognition of Arabic handwritten and its variants such as Farsi (Persian) and Urdu had been receiving considerable attention in recent years. Numerous methods for recognizing Arabic characters have been proposed and applied to various types of images. These research highlights have...
Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are an alternative technology for last-mile broadband Internet access that can support broadband services. However, for a WMN to be all it can be, considerable research efforts are still needed. For example, the available MAC and routing protocols are not scalable; throughput drops significantly as the number of nodes or hops in WMNs increases. Thus, existing protocols...
Nowadays, a lot of research efforts and technical papers are done on ad-hoc networks and wireless local area networks (WLAN). Recently, however wireless mesh networking is attracting significant interest from academia, industry, and standard organizations because it is offer several favorable characteristics such as dynamic self-organization, easy maintenance and reliable services. A network with...
Recently, wireless mesh networks as a promising newcomer in wireless access technology, has caught the attention of networking industries. These networks are envisioned to support the wired backbone with a wireless backbone for providing internet connectivity to residential areas and office. WMNs have the potential to eliminate many of disadvantages by offering low-cost, wireless broadband Internet...
Wireless Mesh Networks provide a cost-efficient avenue to extend the coverage of WiFi networks by using multi-hop communication. The capability of enhancing coverage and capacity with low transmission power, wireless mesh networks (WMNs) play a significant role for broadband access with ubiquitous coverage. WMNs have emerged as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking. Because of their...
The objective of this current study was to analyze the biochemical compositions of three Malaysian Channa spp. fish. The proximate analysis revealed that the protein content of Channa lucius, Channa micropeltes and Channa striatus was 19.9%, 22.1%, 23.0% (% of dry weight), respectively. The total lipid content was generally high, ranging from 5.7% to 11.9% and crude ash ranged from 1.0% to 1.8%. The...
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