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Financial option has been widely used to avoid risks. People pay more attention to avoid the risks which the underlying asset can't be traded. Real option is a new invention for risk avoidance. Several types of real options that may be met in oil investment are discussed in detail; a theoretical formula about the valuation of project is derived; and the application of real option is briefly introduced...
It is very important to measure cash flow risks for the non-life insurance industry, especially in China. A couple of risk measures named cash flow expected shortfall (ES) and cash flow non-recovery ratio (NRR) are proposed based on several assumptions. Therefore monthly premiums and claims of Chinese insurance industry are fitted by seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA)...
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