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Condition monitoring is becoming an established technique for managing the maintenance of machinery in transport applications. Vibration energy harvesting allows wireless systems to be powered without batteries, but most traditional generators have been designed to operate at fixed frequencies. The variety of engine speeds (and hence vibration frequencies) in transport applications therefore means...
In this paper we propose a hardware reduction methodology through detailed algorithmic analysis and exploiting datapath symmetry for 2D Kurtotic Fast ICA. The relationship of the hardware saving with respect to input data frame-length and maximum iteration for convergence is also explored. An example architecture following the developed hardware reduction methodology consumes 3:55 mm2 silicon area...
Fixed-point VLSI architecture for 2-Dimensional Kurtotic FastICA with reduced and optimized arithmetic units, is proposed. This reduction is achieved through the removal of the dividers for eigenvector computation and replacing the dividers in the Whitening block of the architecture by multipliers. In addition, the number of multipliers required in the Whitening block is further reduced by exploiting...
In this paper we propose two efficient repair techniques for hybrid nano/CMOS architecture to provide high level of defect tolerance at a modest cost. We have applied the proposed techniques to a lookup table(LUT) based Boolean logic approach. The proposed repair techniques are efficient in utilization of spare units and viable for various Boolean logic implementations. We show that the proposed techniques...
Energy-aware sensor nodes are usually tightly energy-constrained, execute energy-efficient algorithms, have the ability to interrogate and control the devices used for storing and consuming energy, and often feature one or more sources of energy harvesting. Due to the cost, time and expertise required to deploy a wireless sensor network (WSN), simulation is currently the most widely adopted evaluation...
Addressing both standby and active power is a major challenge in developing system-on-chip designs for battery-powered products. Powering off sections of logic or memories loses internal register and RAM states so designers have to weigh up the benefits and costs of implementing state retention on some or all of the power gated subsystems where state recovery has significant real-time or energy cost,...
Multiple-voltage is an effective dynamic power reduction design technique. Recent research has shown that testing for resistive bridging faults in such designs requires more than one voltage setting for 100% defect coverage; however switching between several supply voltage settings has a detrimental impact on the overall cost of test. This paper proposes an effective Gate Sizing technique for reducing...
This paper proposes, for the first time, an automated energy harvester design flow which is based on a single HDL software platform that can be used to model, simulate, configure and optimise energy harvester systems. A demonstrator prototype incorporating an electromagnetic mechanical-vibration-based micro-generator and a limited number of library models has been developed and a design case study...
Subthreshold logic is showing good promise as a viable ultra-low-power circuit design technique for power-limited applications. For this design technique to gain widespread adoption, one of the most pressing concerns is how to improve the robustness of subthreshold logic to process and temperature variations. We propose a variation resilient adaptive controller for subthreshold circuits with the following...
Presence of high defect rate in nanofabrics due to the inadequate fabrication processes has held back the development of emerging technology architecture. In this work, we propose two repair techniques to provide high level of defect tolerance in lookup table (LUT) based Boolean logic approach implemented in nano/CMOS. Further, we demonstrate that direct application of memory repair techniques is...
In this paper we propose a conceptual Photovoltaic device that comprises a large number of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) having distinct geometrical structure properties. Through employing analytical models of the CNT, we demonstrate how this structural variation can be exploited in absorbing a broadband of the solar spectra. The results show that given a group of CNTs...
This paper presents the algorithms of an implementation of a numerically efficient carbon nanotube transistor (CNT) model in HSPICE. The model is derived from cubic spline non-linear approximation of the non-equilibrium mobile charge density. The spline algorithm exploits a rapid and accurate solution of the numerical relationship between the charge density and the self-consistent voltage, which results...
This paper investigates the impact of process variation on test quality with regard to resistive bridging faults. The input logic threshold voltage and gate drives strength parameters are analyzed regarding their process variation induced influence on test quality. The impact of process variation on test quality is studied in terms of test escapes and measured by a robustness metric. It is shown that...
This paper surveys ongoing research for pervasive healthcare system development, highlights the associated technical challenges and outlines some possible future topics that require innovative research. We present a conceptual high level system overview for pervasive healthcare including a resource constrained architecture for extracting fetal electrocardiogram from maternal composite abdominal signal...
This paper introduces a novel numerical carbon nanotube transistor (CNT) modelling approach which brings in a flexible and efficient cubic spline non-linear approximation of the non-equilibrium mobile charge density. The spline algorithm creates a rapid and accurate solution of the numerical relationship between the charge density and the self-consistent voltage, which leads to the speed-up of deriving...
Owing to the limited requirement for sensor processing in early networked sensor nodes, embedded software was generally built around the communication stack. Modern sensor nodes have evolved to contain significant on-board functionality in addition to communications, including sensor processing, energy management, actuation and locationing. The embedded software for this functionality, however, is...
The modeling of energy components in wireless sensor network (WSN) simulation is important for obtaining realistic lifetime predictions and ensuring the faithful operation of energy-aware algorithms. The use of supercapacitors as energy stores on WSN nodes is increasing, but their behavior differs from that of batteries. This paper proposes a model for a supercapacitor energy store based upon experimental...
In this paper, we propose a method for desirably redistributing a wireless sensor network's energy consumption from its sensor nodes (which may have scarce energy resources obtained through energy harvesting, for example) to its central node (which often has an abundant energy resource, such as the mains). At the cost of increasing the central node's decoding complexity, our method facilitates (1)...
In this paper, we propose a new SystemC-based fault injection technique that has improved fault representation in visible and on-the-fly data and signal registers. The technique is minimum intrusive since it only requires replacing the original data or signal types to fault injection enabler types. We compare the proposed simulation technique with recently reported SystemC-based techniques and show...
In the following paper we present a complete analytical model that predicts the band-gap (Eg) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) directly from their diameter (d) and chiral angle (thetas). The proposed analytical model is based on two mathematical expressions that have been derived by curve-fitting the outcome generated from the third-nearest-neighbor tight-binding (TB) method in conjunction...
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