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Background
Despite evidence that slow‐wave dysrhythmia in the stomach is associated with clinical conditions such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia, there is still no widely available device for long‐term monitoring of gastric electrical signals. Actionable biomarkers of gastrointestinal health are critically needed, and an implantable slow‐wave monitoring device could aid in the establishment...
Ultrasound (US) can noninvasively activate intact brain circuits, making it a promising neuromodulation technique. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we apply transcranial US and perform brain mapping studies in guinea pigs using extracellular electrophysiology. We find that US elicits extensive activation across cortical and subcortical brain regions. However, transection...
The need for better software continues to rise, as do expectations. This, in turn, puts more emphasis on finding problems before software is released. Industry is responding by testing more, but many test engineers in industry lack a practical, yet theoretically sound, understanding of testing. Software engineering educators must respond by teaching students to test better. An essential testing skill...
The past decade has seen exciting changes in how we develop and test software. Researchers have invented numerous techniques and criteria that are now mature enough to be ready for industrial use. During this time, the need for reliable software has grown enormously. The user base is expanding, technological advances put software into more mission-critical locations, software continues to grow in...
With recent increased expectations for quality, and the growth of agile processes and test driven development, developers are expected to do more and more effective unit testing. Yet, our knowledge of when to use the various unit level test criteria is incomplete. The paper presents results from a comparison of four unit level software testing criteria. Mutation testing, prime path coverage, edge...
Data from projects worldwide show that many software projects fail and most are completed late or over budget. Unit testing is a simple but effective technique to improve software in terms of quality, flexibility, and time-to-market. A key idea of unit testing is that each piece of code needs its own tests and the best person to design those tests is the developer who wrote the software. However,...
In most empirical research on software evolution, analysis of the data is performed with respect to the release sequence number (RSN), rather than the release date. This distinction is important when the intervals between release dates vary widely, as is generally the case with open-source software. A widely cited study on the maintainability of Linux was published in this journal in 2002. The study...
This paper presents a single project experiment on the fault revealing capabilities of model-based test sets. The tests are generated from UML statecharts and UML sequence diagrams. This experiment found that the statechart test sets did better at revealing unit level faults than the sequence diagram test sets, and the sequence diagram test sets did better at revealing integration level faults than...
Web applications are interactive programs that are deployed on the world wide Web. Their execution is usually controlled very heavily by user choices and user data. This makes them vulnerable to abnormal behavior from invalid inputs as well as security attacks. Thus, Web applications invest heavily in validating user inputs according to defined constraints on the values. This work focuses on validation...
Real-time systems must respond to events in a timely fashion; in hard real-time systems the penalty for a missed deadline is high. It is therefore necessary to design hard real-time systems so that the timing behavior of the tasks can be predicted. Static real-time systems have prior knowledge of the worst-case arrival patterns and resource usage. Therefore, a schedule can be calculated off-line and...
Testers often represent systems under test in input parameter models. These contain parameters with associated values. Combinations of parameter values, with one value for each parameter, are potential test cases. In most models, some values of two or more parameters cannot be combined. Testers must then detect and avoid or remove these conflicts. This paper proposes two new methods for automatically...
This paper presents data from a study of the current state of practice of software testing. Test managers from twelve different software organizations were interviewed. The interviews focused on the amount of resources spent on testing, how the testing is conducted, and the knowledge of the personnel in the test organizations. The data indicate that the overall test maturity is low. Test managers...
The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is widely used to transmit data across the Internet. XML schemas are used to defile the syntax of XML messages. XML-based applications can receive messages from arbitrary applications, as long as they follow the protocol defined by the schema. A receiving application must either validate XML messages, process the data in the XML message without validation, or modify...
Temporal correctness is crucial to the dependability of real-time systems. Few methods exist to test for temporal correctness and most existing methods are ad-hoc. A problem with testing real-time applications is the dependency on the execution time and execution order of individual tasks. Thus, the response times for the tasks may be non-deterministic with respect to inputs. Conventional test coverage...
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