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The aim of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is to decompose a non-negative matrix into a product of two (or multiple) non-negative matrices with reduced ranks. Several iterative methods have been developed for this purpose, e.g. the Alternating Least Squares (ALS) or Lee-Seung (LS) multiplicative methods. Despite its fast convergence, the ALS algorithm suffers from its instability, and may...
Audio from broadcast soccer can be used for identifying highlights from the game. Audio cues derived from these sources provide valuable information about game events, as can the detection of key words used by the commentators. In this paper we interpret the feasibility of incorporating both commentator word recognition and information about the additive background noise in an HMM structure. A limited...
An efficient decoding algorithm for segmental HMMs (SHMMs) is proposed with multi-stage pruning. The generation by SHMMs of a feature trajectory for each state expands the search space and the computational cost of decoding. It is reduced in three ways: pre-cost partitioning, start-node (SN) beam pruning, and conventional end- node (EN) beam pruning. Experiments show that partitioning cuts computation...
When a noise process is modulated by a deterministic signal, it is often useful to determine the signal's parameters. A method of estimating the modulation index m is presented for noise whose amplitude is modulated by a periodic signal, using the magnitude modulation spectrum (MMS). The method is developed for application to real discrete signals with time- varying parameters, and extended to a 3D...
Multiple-level segmental hidden Markov models (M-SHMMs) in which the relationship between symbolic and acoustic representations of speech is regulated by a formant-based intermediate representation are considered. New TIMIT phone recognition results are presented, confirming that the theoretical upper-bound on performance is achieved provided that either the intermediate representation or the formant-to-acoustic...
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