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The genetic basis of the phenotypic difference between human and chimpanzee is one of the most actively pursued issues in current genomics. Although the genomic divergence between the two species has been described, the transcriptomic divergence has not been well documented. Thus, we newly sequenced and analyzed chimpanzee full-length cDNAs (FLcDNAs) representing 87 protein-coding genes. The number...
Finding genetic novelties that may contribute to human-specific physiology and diseases is a key issue of current biomedical studies. TMEM30C is a gene containing two transmembrane (TM) domains and homologous to the yeast CDC50 family, which is related to polarized cell division. It is conserved among mammals along with two other paralogs, TMEM30A and TMEM30B. We found that TMEM30C is expressed specifically...
It is possible to assess positive selection by using the ratio of K a (nonsynonymous substitutions per plausible nonsynonymous sites) to K s (synonymous substitutions per plausible synonymous sites). We have searched candidate genes positively selected during primate evolution by using 5′-end sequences of 21,302 clones derived from cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brain cDNA...
A clone of immature cDNA for human casein kinase I γ2 (CSNK1G2) was isolated by screening the human testis cDNA library with a PCR-amplified probe (about 400 bp) representing the kinase domain of rat casein kinase I γ2 (CKI γ2). Comparison of the entire sequence with that of rat CKI γ2 showed that the cDNA contained the complete coding sequence of CKI γ2 as well as an intron-like sequence of 1006...
To study the liver functions of chicken, we examined the primary culture of chicken hepatocytes, and found an easy method of long-term culture with free atmosphere exchange. Chicken hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion and cultured at 37°C as a monolayer without substratum in serum-free L-15 medium (pH 7.8) with free atmosphere exchange. The amounts of albumin and transferrin in medium...
When cDNA encoding rat rasGTPase-activating protein (rat GAP1 m ) was used as a probe, two partial cDNA clones of a human counterpart of rat GAP1 m were isolated from a cDNA library derived from growth-arrested normal human ectocervical epithelial cells. One clone was found to be a cDNA of premature mRNA with two introns. A complete cDNA of human GAP1 m was constructed by...
The human genome is a mosaic of isochores, long DNA segments which are compositionally homogeneous and which can be partitioned into five families, L1, L2, H1, H2 and H3, characterized by increasing GC levels and by increasing gene concentrations. Previous investigations showed that in situ hybridization with a DNA fraction derived from the GC-richest and gene-richest isochores of the H3 family produced...
A cDNA clone coding for human casein kinase I (CK1) has been isolated and sequenced. The insert of 1911 bp contained an open reading frame of 415 amino acids. The entire amino acid sequence of human CK1 was 97% homologous to that of rat CK1 δ, and their sequences in the kinase domain (284 amino acid residues) were completely identical, predicting that the obtained cDNA is for a human homolog of the...
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