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We describe the current status of knowledge regarding the contribution of aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing. The emissions and associated radiative forcings from aviation are compared to those from other modes of transport. The different analytical metrics used to quantify climate forcing are presented showing their relevancies and uncertainties. The discussion then focuses on the use of radiative...
To achieve low-loss free space coupling for integrated optics, device facets need to be smooth, free of chips and flat. The typical route for accomplishing these requirements is by traditional lapping and polishing. We report that high quality optical quality facets with a Sa = 4.9 nm can be machined using a simple dicing technique. In order to directly measure the scatter loss a device with a series...
Measuring the dispersion characteristics of a planar waveguide is typically difficult due to the short lengths of waveguides involved. Traditional dispersion measurement techniques were developed in fibre [1] and bulk glass [2], and thus do not take into account the intricacies of the short planar waveguide. The fibre techniques typically require far more material than is available in a short planar...
Turning or corner mirrors can be used to redirected light on an integrated chip, providing a route to higher density of optical components. Mirrors have been demonstrated in silicon-on-insulator with losses of 0.9dB [1] and in hollow waveguides with losses of 0.8dB [2]. We demonstrate an alternative method of fabricating mirrors on a silica-on-silicon substrate. The method employs the complimentary...
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