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The advancement of laparoscopic robotic surgery largely depends on the development of innovative laparoscopic instrumentation. The most widely used system, the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California), was introduced in 1998 and received FDA approval in 2000. Its popularity may largely be attributed to the development of EndoWrist instruments with increased degrees...
To report changes in grade and stage between initial diagnostic and repeat biopsies or resection for urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and investigate the consequences for endoscopic management. Ureteroscopic management of upper tract UTUC is an alternative to nephroureterectomy, which is less invasive and preserves renal function. However, concerns about potential understaging, inaccurate grading, incomplete...
BACKGROUND:The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is poorly defined, both before and after nephrouretectomy. Although multimodal treatment paradigms for UTUC are under‐developed, this has important implications on patients' ability to receive cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy (CBCC).
METHODS:Estimated glomerular filtration rate...
We established a reliable technique for orthotopically implanting bladder tumor cells in a syngeneic mouse model.MBT-2 murine bladder cancer cells were transurethrally implanted in the bladder of syngeneic C3H/He mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine). Different chemical pretreatments were used before tumor implantation, including phosphate buffered saline (control), HCl, trypsin and poly-L-lysine...
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