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To investigate the mechanisms by which chronic tobacco smoking promotes intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and vertebral degeneration in mice.Three month old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to tobacco smoke by direct inhalation (4cigarettes/day, 5days/week for 6months) to model long-term smoking in humans. Total disc proteoglycan (PG) content [1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay], aggrecan proteolysis...
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