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The probiotic Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) was widely applied in animal production as feed additive. Lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) were the two most important limiting amino acids in livestock animal feed. Raising Lys and Met contents in B. subtilis would provide better effects for animal production and save Lys and Met supplements. We still didn't know whether Lys-rich and Met-rich protein...
The lactating mammary gland is a prodigious protein-producing factory, but the milk protein synthesis mechanisms are not well understood. The major objective of this paper was to elucidate which genes and pathways were involved in the regulation of milk protein synthesis in the dairy goat mammary gland. Total 36 primiparous Guanzhong dairy goats were allotted in 12 groups according to their mammary...
The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as food products becomes more and more widespread. The European Union has implemented a set of very strict procedures for the approval to grow, import and/or utilize GMOs as food or food ingredients. Thus, analytical methods for detection of GMOs are necessary in order to verify compliance with labelling requirements. There are few effective screening...
Feedstuff intake plays key role in impacting the yield and quality of milk. In this study, we discussed the contents of trace metal elements in cow milk impacted by different feedstuffs. We detected the contents of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in different feedstuffs and milk by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The determinations of Pb, Cd and As contents were by graphite furnace AAS and...
Methionine and lysine are restrictive essential amino acids of livestock, they are also the most attentive indexes in the feed production to carry out the quality control and quality evaluation. Their contents in feed directly affect livestock protein synthesis. Bacillus natto has excellent probiotic properties. In this experiment, we used the genetic engineering method, fusion PCR technique, to connect...
Methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys) have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids (AA) for maximum milk yield and milk protein production. Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment. This observation utilized fermented soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn by...
miRNA can regulate development and milk yield of the mammary gland through epigenetic mechanism. miRNA can directly and indirectly modulate the activity of the epigenetic machinery, target genes through post-inhibition of translation initiation, mediate miRNA decay, target genes and inhibit the positive regulation, regulate tone modification, and regulate DNA methylation of target genes. Here we reviewed...
Prolactin (PRL) is a versatile signaling molecule and regulates a variety of physiological processes, including mammary gland growth and differentiation and the synthesis of milk proteins. While PRL is known to be necessary for high levels of milk protein expression, the mechanism by which the synthesis of milk proteins is stimulated at the transcript level is less known. A major modification in the...
To investigate the potential effects of Vaccaria segetalis, we employed the proteomic approach on the dairy cow mammary gland epithelial cells (DCMECs). A total of 35 differentially expressed nuclear proteins were visualized by 2-DE and silver nitrate staining. Of these, five proteins also displayed significant expression changes upon treatment of the water decoction from Vaccaria segetalis, and such...
Lysine-rich protein gene (lys) was cloned from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC), and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pHT43, the recombinant plasmid pHT43/lys were constructed and then transferred into Bacillus subtilis168, upon IPTG induction, the recombinant protein was expressed, and the content of lysine was detected by HPLC. The result showed that lysine content increased...
Based on the bifurcation and stability theory of dynamical systems, the symmetric/asymmetric bifurcation behaviours and chaotic motions of a railway bogie system under a complex nonlinear wheel–rail contact relation are investigated in detail by the ‘resultant bifurcation diagram’ method with slowly increasing and decreasing speed. It is found that the stationary equilibrium solution and the periodic...
TaqMan quantitative PCR technique was used to detect the copies of exogenous CaMV35S flanks sequence in transgenic soybean. With soybean lectin as the endogenous reference gene, and gene complex DNA in non-GMO soybeans as the endogenous reference standard, the gradient dilution method was used to separately calculate C t value of endogenous reference gene and plasmid DNA and correlation standard...
Three lactoproteins (α-S1-casein, β-lactoglobulin, and β-casein) promotors were cloned, sequenced and compared relative luciferase expression. The results showed that the promotor activity of bovine α-S1-casein gene was the best, and would be used to produce pharmaceutically and medically important proteins in the mammary gland of transgenic animals and also for the construction of an inducible eukaryotic...
To analyze miR-139 target sites in 3′ UTR of GHR gene in dairy cow mammary gland, a GHR 3′ UTR- luciferase reporter vector was constructed and the effect of miRNA on its activity was evaluated in dairy cow mammary gland epithelial cells (DCMECs). The miR-139 targeting GHR 3′ UTR was predicted by Target Scan 5.1 software, 3′ UTR fragment of GHR was amplified by PCR from RNA of DCMECs. PCR products...
Soybean meal (SBM) is commonly used for livestock feeds, but its application in diets for livestock is limited due to some antinutritional factors. The contents of methionine and lysine of soybean meal were promoted by Bacillus natto and Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation, benefial for the livestock feeds. It was crude protein (CP) 56.8%, methionine 43.56 mg • g −1 , and lysine 74.87 mg...
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