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The cytosolic sensor MDA5 is crucial for antiviral innate immune defense against various RNA viruses including measles virus; as such, many viruses have evolved strategies to antagonize the antiviral activity of MDA5. Here, we show that measles virus escapes MDA5 detection by targeting the phosphatases PP1α and PP1γ, which regulate MDA5 activity by removing an inhibitory phosphorylation mark. The...
Prostaglandins are lipid mediators that are involved in a plethora of biological processes. In this issue of Immunity, Coulombe et al. (2014) report that prostaglandin E 2 suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza virus.
This study addresses the timing of gammaherpesviral episomal DNA replication with respect to the cell cycle. For the first time we analyzed a rhadinovirus, the prototype Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), and compared it to the lymphocryptovirus Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Newly synthesized DNA of latently infected B- or T-cells was first BrdU-labeled; then we sorted the cells corresponding to cell cycle phases...
The routine transformation of human CD8 pos T cells by Herpesvirus saimiri has so far not been achieved in the case of pre-expanded antigen-specific CTLs. Here we transformed 73% of polyclonal EBV-specific CD8 pos T cell cultures using an optimized culture medium supplemented with IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, and TGF-β 1 . Still, antigen-specific cytotoxicity was frequently lost and...
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