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Aims To characterize smokeless tobacco initiation and persistence in relation to deployment, combat, occupation, smoking and mental health symptoms.
Design Prospective cohort, utilizing self‐reported survey data from the Millennium Cohort Study.
Setting US military service members in all branches including active duty, reserve and National Guard.
Participants Population‐based sample of 45 272...
Memory CD8 + T cells in the lung airways provide protection from secondary respiratory virus challenge by limiting early viral replication. Here, we demonstrate that although airway-resident memory CD8 + T cells were poorly cytolytic, memory CD8 + T cells recruited to the airways early during a recall response showed markedly enhanced cytolytic ability. This enhanced lytic...
Innate recognition of invading pathogens in peripheral tissues results in the recruitment of circulating memory CD8 + T cells to sites of localized inflammation during the early phase of a recall response. However, the mechanisms that control the rapid recruitment of these cells to peripheral sites are poorly understood, particularly in relation to influenza and parainfluenza infections of...
The identification of T cell epitopes is crucial for the understanding of the host immune response during infection. While much is known about the MHC class I-restricted response following influenza virus infection of C57BL/6mice, with over 16 CD8 epitopes identified to date, less is known about the MHC class II-restricted response. Currently, only a few I-A b -restricted T helper epitopes...
Understanding the immune response to different CD8 T cell epitopes is important for the development of vaccines designed to promote protective cellular immunity. Recently, we have shown that vaccination with the PA 224–233 /D b epitope of influenza virus was poorly protective in terms of viral clearance. To determine if other influenza virus epitopes behave in this manner, we analyzed...
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